Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33573225›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Pathways among Frailty, Health Literacy, Acculturation, and Social Support of Middle-Aged and Older Korean Immigrants in the USA.

Hae Sagong, Ju Young Yoon

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Association Between Health Literacy and Frailty in Older Adults: A Study in Two Brazilian Municipalities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. The impact of health literacy on health-related quality of life among individuals with physical disabilities: a path analysis based on the integrated model of health literacy.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The role of acculturation in the accuracy of type 2 diabetes risk perception: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Impact of Health Literacy on the Progression of Frailty after 4 Years among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Multilevel Factors Associated with Frailty among the Rural Elderly in Korea Based on the Ecological Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Hae SagongNursing Department, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.
Ju Young YoonNursing Department, College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3944-0663
Seoul National University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Culturally and linguistically different immigrants in the U.S. are considered populations with low health literacy in general, thereby having a high risk of negative health outcomes such as frailty. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of social support and acculturation on the relationship between health literacy and frailty of Korean immigrants in existing models of health literacy. A total of 244 Korean immigrants aged 50 years and older residing in Southern United States (Alabama and Georgia) were recruited. Path analysis was used to examine the pathways among variables, and the indirect effects of health literacy were analyzed. The results revealed that health literacy and social support directly influenced frailty; social support and acculturation were identified to influence health literacy. Health literacy had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between social support and frailty and a complete mediating effect in the relationship between acculturation and frailty. Therefore, to prevent frailty, it is necessary to consider enhancing immigrants' health literacy by elevating acculturation and social supports.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsFrailtyHealth LiteracyAcculturationAgedAlabamaGeorgiaHumansMiddle AgedRepublic of KoreaSocial SupportUnited Statesacculturationfrailtyhealth literacyimmigrantsolder adultssocial support

Identifiers

PMID33573225
PMCPMC7908122
OpenAlexW3127910681

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.