ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021
Is Palm Kernel Cake a Suitable Alternative Feed Ingredient for Poultry?
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol supplementation on growth performance and fat utilization in broilers fed palm kernel meal-based reduced-energy diets.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Effects of Fermented Palm Kernel Cake on Growth Performance, Serum Indices, and Rumen Microbiota in Growing-Fattening Beef Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Fermented palm kernel meal modulates gut barrier and inflammatory gene via short-chain fatty acid production in broiler chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Sustainable Valorization of Oil Palm Coproducts: Physicochemical Characterization and Potential Use in Insect Bioconversion.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Poultry gut health: industry drivers, management determinants, and emerging research directions.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Sustainable alternative feed ingredients: effects of palm kernel cake and decanter cake on broiler growth and production performance.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Effects of varying dietary proportions of palm kernel meal on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and microbiota in Tibetan sheep.3 Biotech · 2025Article
- From Nutritional Profiles to Digestibility Insights: Exploring Palm Kernel Cake and Decanter Cake in Broiler Diets.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effects of seaweed on blood plasma immunoglobulin concentration, mucosal immunity, small intestine histomorphology, cecal microbial population, and volatile fatty acid profile in broiler chickens.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- Pretreatment of Palm Kernel Cake by Enzyme-Bacteria and Its Effects on Growth Performance in Broilers.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Phytogenic feed additives as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production: A review.Veterinary world · 2025Review
- Fermented palm kernel cake improves the nutrient degradation of beef cattle by modulating the rumen microbiota.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Hydrolysis of palm kernel meal fibre using a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis F6 with high mannanase activity.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2024Article
- Fermented Palm Kernel Cake Improves the Rumen Microbiota and Metabolome of Beef Cattle.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Effects of replacing wheat bran with palm kernel cake or fermented palm kernel cake on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota and intestinal health of tilapia (GIFT,Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Production of a potential multistrain probiotic in co-culture conditions using agro-industrial by-products-based medium for fish nutrition.BMC biotechnology · 2023Article
- Solid-state fermentation production of L-lysine by Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC 13032) using agricultural by-products as substrate.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Exploring the effects of palm kernel meal feeding on the meat quality and rumen microorganisms of Qinghai Tibetan sheep.Food science & nutrition · 2023Article
- De-oiled palm kernel cake for stall-fed buffaloes: effect on milk constituents, nutrient digestibility, biochemical parameters, and rumen fermentation.Tropical animal health and production · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Palm kernel cake (PKC), a by-product of oil extracted from palm nuts through expeller press or solvent extraction procedures is one of the highest quantities of locally available and potentially inexpensive agricultural product. PKC provides approximately 14-18% of crude protein (CP), 12-20% crude fiber (CF), 3-9% ether extract (EE), and different amounts of various minerals that feasible to be used as a partial substitute of soybean meal (SBM) and corn in poultry nutrition. Poultry's digestibility is reported to be compromised due to the indigestion of the high fiber content, making PKC potentially low for poultry feeding. Nevertheless, solid-state fermentation (SSF) can be applied to improve the nutritional quality of PKC by improving the CP and reducing CF content. PKC also contains β-mannan polysaccharide, which works as a prebiotic. However, there is a wide variation for the inclusion level of PKC in the broiler diet. These variations may be due to the quality of PKC, its sources, processing methods and value-added treatment. It has been documented that 10-15% of treated PKC could be included in the broiler's diets. The inclusion levels will not contribute to a negative impact on the growth performances and carcass yield. Furthermore, it will not compromise intestinal microflora, morphology, nutrient digestibility, and immune system. PKC with a proper SSF process (FPKC) can be offered up to 10-15% in the diets without affecting broilers' production performance.
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Registered trials
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