ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Multi-Compartment Lymph-Node-on-a-Chip Enables Measurement of Immune Cell Motility in Response to Drugs.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Leveraging Microphysiological Systems to Facilitate Neutrophil-Based Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Engineering Lymphatic Vessels and Lymphoid Microenvironments In Vitro to Investigate Immune Cell Trafficking.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A Human Lymph node-on-a-Chip for Personalized Evaluation of Vaccine Immunogenicity.Research square · 2026Article
- Engineering Adaptive Immunity in 3D: A Patient-Specific Lymphoid Model Using Stromal Networks and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Human Multi-Organ-on-a-Chip Platforms for Next-Generation Drug Delivery Strategies.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Innovative micro physiological systems for vaccine development.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Data-driven analysis for the evaluation of cortical mechanics of non-adherent cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Human Germinal Center: A Review of Models to Study T-B Cell Interactions.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Initiation of primary T cell-B cell interactions and extrafollicular antibody responses in an organized microphysiological model of the human lymph node.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- An overview of immunotoxicity in drug discovery and development.Toxicology letters · 2025Review
- Lymph Node-on-Chip Technology: Cutting-Edge Advances in Immune Microenvironment Simulation.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Review
- Complex in vitro models: do not complicate it.In vitro models · 2023Article
- Engineering complexity in human tissue models of cancer.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Studying metabolism with multi-organ chips: new tools for disease modelling, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.Open biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Lymph Nodes-On-Chip: Promising Immune Platforms for Pharmacological and Toxicological Applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Organs On-a-Chip represent novel platforms for modelling human physiology and disease. The lymph node (LN) is a relevant immune organ in which B and T lymphocytes are spatially organized in a complex architecture, and it is the place where the immune response initiates. The present study addresses the utility of a recently designed LN-on-a-chip to dissect and understand the effect of drugs delivered to cells in a fluidic multicellular 3D setting that mimics the human LN. To do so, we analyzed the motility and viability of human B and T cells exposed to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). We show that the innovative LN platform, which operates at a microscale level, allows real-time monitoring of co-cultured B and T cells by imaging, and supports cellular random movement. HCQ delivered to cells through a constant and continuous flow induces a reduction in T cell velocity while promotes persistent rotational motion. We also find that HCQ increases the production of reactive oxygen species in T cells. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of the LN-on-a-chip to be applied in drug screening and development, and in cellular dynamics studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.