ReviewViruses2021
Synthetic Messenger RNA-Based Vaccines: from Scorn to Hype.
Review in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cutaneous adverse reactions of COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review.Dermatologic therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Chemically synthesized, non-capped and non-polyadenylated peptide-coding RNA efficiently induces antigen-specific CD8Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A comprehensive analysis of the use of nucleoside analogues in RNA therapeutics.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Intranasal administration of spike-specific mRNA-LNP confers more protection than the intramuscular route against SARS-CoV-2.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Trehalose-loaded LNPs enhance mRNA stability and bridge in vitro in vivo efficacy gap.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- RNA Through Time: From the Origin of Life to Therapeutic Frontiers in Transcriptomics and Epitranscriptional Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Gene expression silencing therapy in tumors, focus on gastrointestinal and genitourinary tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Metabolic RNA labeling in non-engineered cells following spontaneous uptake of fluorescent nucleoside phosphate analogues.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Applications of Nanomedicine: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A Review of Clinical Trials of Cancer and Its Treatment as a Vaccine.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2024Review
- Emerging Treatment Approaches for COVID-19 Infection: A Critical Review.Current molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Harnessing synthetic biology for advancing RNA therapeutics and vaccine design.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2023Review
- Review
- Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Review
- STING agonist-boosted mRNA immunization via intelligent design of nanovaccines for enhancing cancer immunotherapy.National science review · 2023Article
- Anti-CD117 CAR T cells incorporating a safety switch eradicate human acute myeloid leukemia and hematopoietic stem cells.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2023Article
- Short Carbon Nanotube-Based Delivery of mRNA for HIV-1 Vaccines.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the race for a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the synthetic mRNA format has been shown to be the fastest one and proved to be safe and highly efficient, even at the very low dose of a few µg per injection. The mRNA vaccines are not new: vaccines that are based on attenuated mRNA viruses, such as Mumps, Measles, and Rubella, immunize by delivering their mRNAs into the cells of the vaccinated individual, who produces the viral proteins that then prime the immune response. Synthetic mRNA in liposomes can be seen as a modern, more refined, and thereby a safer version of those live attenuated RNA viruses. The anti-COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (coding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein) is the third synthetic RNA therapeutic being approved. It follows the aptamer Macugen
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.