ArticleCancers2021
Combinations of Radiotherapy with Vaccination and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Differently Affect Primary and Abscopal Tumor Growth and the Tumor Microenvironment.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-Dose Radiotherapy Leads to a Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Shift in the Pre-Clinical K/BxN Serum Transfer Model and Reduces Osteoarthritic Pain in Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- Proceedings of the National Cancer Institute Workshop on combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy: challenges and opportunities for clinical translation.The Lancet. Oncology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the synergy of radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC: emerging clinical evidence and novel therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Impact of high hydrostatic pressure on the cytokine profile and head and neck cancer cell behavior: implications for oncological safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Prospects of Synergy: Local Interventions and CAR T Cell Therapy in Solid Tumors.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2024Review
- Application of Stem Cells Shows Antiinflammatory Effect in an Irradiated Random Pattern Flap Model.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Immunoradiotherapy for NSCLC: mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and future directions.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- Neutrophils seeking new neighbors: radiotherapy affects the cellular framework and the spatial organization in a murine breast cancer model.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Opportunities and challenges in combining immunotherapy and radiotherapy in esophageal cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Establishing safe high hydrostatic pressure devitalization thresholds for autologous head and neck cancer vaccination and reconstruction.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- The Influence of Different Irradiation Regimens on Inflammation and Vascularization in a Random-Pattern Flap Model.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Optimal dosing regimen of CD73 blockade improves tumor response to radiotherapy through iCOS downregulation.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- [No abscopal effects of immunotherapy combined with stereotactic radiation therapy in Merkel cell carcinoma].Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2023Article
- IRAK2, an Immune and Radiation-Response Gene, Correlates with Advanced Disease Features but Predicts Higher Post-Irradiation Local Control in Non-Metastatic and Resected Oral Cancer Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Radiotherapy as a means to increase the efficacy of T-cell therapy in solid tumors.Oncoimmunology · 2023Review
- Prospect of radiotherapy technology development in the era of immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2022Review
- TGFβ receptor inhibition unleashes interferon-β production by tumor-associated macrophages and enhances radiotherapy efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Article
- Combined treatment of non-small cell lung cancer using radiotherapy and immunotherapy: challenges and updates.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is known to have immune-modulatory properties. We hypothesized that RT and inactivated whole tumor cell vaccines generated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) synergize to retard the tumor growth which can be additionally improved with anti-PD-1 treatment. In abscopal tumor models, we injected mice with B16-F10 melanoma or TS/A mammary tumors. To evaluate the efficiency of RT in combination with HHP vaccines, we locally irradiated only one tumor with 2 × 8 Gy or 3 × 8 Gy. HHP vaccines further retarded the growth of locally irradiated (2 × 8 Gy) tumors. However, HHP vaccination combined with RT failed to induce abscopal anti-tumor immune responses, namely those to non-irradiated tumors, and even partly abrogated those which were induced with RT plus anti-PD-1. In the latter group, the abscopal effects were accompanied by an elevated infiltration of CD8+ T cells, monocytes/macrophages, and dendritic cells. 3 × 8 Gy failed to induce abscopal effects in association with increased expression of immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules compared to 2 × 8 Gy. We conclude that HHP vaccines induce anti-tumor effects, but only if the tumor microenvironment was previously modulated by hypofractionated RT with not too many fractions, but failed to improve RT plus anti-PD-induced abscopal responses that are characterized by distinct immune alterations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.