ArticleNutrients2021
Comparison of Vitamin D and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2016-2017.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese (2025): Overview and Future Directions for the Pregnant and Lactating Women's Section.The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · 2026Guideline
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K Intakes, Status, and Breastmilk Concentrations in Breastfeeding Women in Ireland.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of lactating mothers and bone mineral density of infants and analysis of risk factors.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Vitamin D insufficiency and disease risk in the elderly.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2024Article
- Pregnancy, Breastfeeding, and Vitamin D.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- Maternal Epidermal Growth Factor Promotes Neonatal Claudin-2 Dependent Increases in Small Intestinal Calcium Permeability.Function (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Quantification and reporting of vitamin D concentrations measured in human milk by LC-MS/MS.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Vitamin D in pediatric age: Current evidence, recommendations, and misunderstandings.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding and vitamin D.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2022Article
- Different Vitamin D Supplementation Strategies in the First Years of Life: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Calcifediol (25OH Vitamin DNutrients · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast milk is considered the optimal source of nutrition during infancy. Although the vitamin D concentration in human breast milk is generally considered poor for infants, vitamin D in breast milk is an important source for exclusively breastfed infants. Increases in vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in lactating mothers may reduce vitamin D concentrations in breast milk. This study aimed to compare vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations in breast milk collected in 1989 and 2016-2017 and simultaneously analyze them with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the association between the lifestyle of recent lactating mothers (2016-2017) and vitamin D status in human breast milk was also evaluated.
methodLactating mothers were recruited from three regions of Japan in 1989 (
resultsBoth vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk were higher in the summer regardless of the survey year. Significantly lower vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations were observed in 2016-2017 compared with 1989 in summer, but no survey year difference was observed in winter. The stepwise multiple regression analyses identified season, daily outdoor activity, and suntan in the last 12 months as independent factors associated with vitamin D
conclusionThe results suggest that low vitamin D status in recent lactating mothers may have decreased vitamin D and 25OHD concentrations in breast milk compared with the 1980s. These results are helpful for developing public health strategies to improve vitamin D status in lactating mothers and infants.
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Registered trials
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