ArticlePloS one2021
Development and evaluation of inhalable composite niclosamide-lysozyme particles: A broad-spectrum, patient-adaptable treatment for coronavirus infections and sequalae.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Niclosamide as a Promising Therapeutic Player in Human Cancer and Other Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Drug Repurposing as a Broad-Spectrum Strategy Against Coronaviruses: Frontiers in Mechanisms and Clinical Translation.Viruses · 2026Review
- How Can Pharmacology Help Us Overcome the Challenges of Drug Repositioning as Antivirals to Treat Emerging Pathogens? The Example of Covid-19.Clinical and translational science · 2026Review
- Exploring Niclosamide as a Multi-target Drug Against SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies on Host and Viral Proteins.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Virucidal and cytotoxic properties of a natural honeybee hives-derived formulation suspended with marine plasma.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Predicting lung exposure of intramuscular niclosamide as an antiviral agent: Power-law based pharmacokinetic modeling.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Lysozyme: A Natural Product with Multiple and Useful Antiviral Properties.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Revisiting Niclosamide Formulation Approaches - a Pathway Toward Drug Repositioning.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Single-dose pharmacokinetics and lung function of nebulized niclosamide ethanolamine in sheep.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Therapeutic potential of salicylamide derivatives for combating viral infections.Medicinal research reviews · 2023Review
- Preventing Respiratory Viral Diseases with Antimicrobial Peptide Master Regulators in the Lung Airway Habitat.Clinics and practice · 2023Review
- Identification of 3 key genes as novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for OA and COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Exploring the therapeutic potential of recombinant human lysozyme: a review on wound management system with antibacterial.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Allosteric inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2.Antiviral research · 2022Article
- Inhaled therapy for COVID-19: Considerations of drugs, formulations and devices.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- A Niclosamide-releasing hot-melt extruded catheter prevents Staphylococcus aureus experimental biomaterial-associated infection.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Manipulation of Spray-Drying Conditions to Develop an Inhalable Ivermectin Dry Powder.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Niclosamide-A promising treatment for COVID-19.British journal of pharmacology · 2022Review
- The Endolysosomal System: The Acid Test for SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Niclosamide (NIC) has demonstrated promising in vitro antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Though NIC is already FDA-approved, administration of the currently available oral formulation results in systemic drug levels that are too low for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2. We hypothesized that the co-formulation of NIC with an endogenous protein, human lysozyme (hLYS), could enable the direct aerosol delivery of the drug to the respiratory tract as an alternative to oral delivery, thereby effectively treating COVID-19 by targeting the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 acquisition and spread. To test this hypothesis, we engineered and optimized composite particles containing NIC and hLYS suitable for delivery to the upper and lower airways via dry powder inhaler, nebulizer, and nasal spray. The novel formulation demonstrates potent in vitro and in vivo activity against two coronavirus strains, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and may offer protection against methicillin-resistance staphylococcus aureus pneumonia and inflammatory lung damage occurring secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infections. The suitability of the formulation for all stages of the disease and low-cost development approach will ensure rapid clinical development and wide-spread utilization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.