ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
A hotspot of Toxoplasma gondii Africa 1 lineage in Benin: How new genotypes from West Africa contribute to understand the parasite genetic diversity worldwide.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- An African perspective on the genetic diversity ofParasitology · 2023Pooled it
- Investigation of Specific IgG-Secreting Cells in Congenital Toxoplasmosis: The TOXODIAG Study.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in impala (Aepyceros melampus) from the Greater Kruger in South Africa: Detection of the Africa 4 lineage.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Multiple Typing Approach to CharacterizeAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- A population study of Toxoplasma gondii in the Amazon region expands current knowledge of the genetic diversity in South America.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- First detection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- A ring trial to harmonize Toxoplasma gondii microsatellite typing: comparative analysis of results and recommendations for optimization.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in pregnancy: comparison between a manual commercial ELISA assay and the automated VIDASEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and detection of infection acquired during pregnancy in Cotonou, Benin.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
- A unique Toxoplasma gondii haplotype accompanied the global expansion of cats.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Congenital toxoplasmosis: Should we still care about screening?Food and waterborne parasitology · 2022Article
- Development of a new serotyping ELISA for Toxoplasma gondii type II, type III and Africa 1 lineages using in silico peptide discovery methods, well categorized feline and human outbreak serum samples.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Molecular prevalence, genetic characterization and patterns of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic small mammals from Cotonou, Benin.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2022Article
- Article
- First isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from domestic animals in Tunisia.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Through international trades, Europe, Africa and South America share a long history of exchanges, potentially of pathogens. We used the worldwide parasite Toxoplasma gondii to test the hypothesis of a historical influence on pathogen genetic diversity in Benin, a West African country with a longstanding sea trade history. In Africa, T. gondii spatial structure is still non-uniformly studied and very few articles have reported strain genetic diversity in fauna and clinical forms of human toxoplasmosis so far, even in African diaspora. Sera from 758 domestic animals (mainly poultry) in two coastal areas (Cotonou and Ouidah) and two inland areas (Parakou and Natitingou) were tested for T. gondii antibodies using a Modified Agglutination Test (MAT). The hearts and brains of 69 seropositive animals were collected for parasite isolation in a mouse bioassay. Forty-five strains were obtained and 39 genotypes could be described via 15-microsatellite genotyping, with a predominance of the autochthonous African lineage Africa 1 (36/39). The remaining genotypes were Africa 4 variant TUB2 (1/39) and two identical isolates (clone) of Type III (2/39). No difference in terms of genotype distribution between inland and coastal sampling sites was found. In particular, contrarily to what has been described in Senegal, no type II (mostly present in Europe) was isolated in poultry from coastal cities. This result seems to refute a possible role of European maritime trade in Benin despite it was one of the most important hubs during the slave trade period. However, the presence of the Africa 1 genotype in Brazil, predominant in Benin, and genetic analyses suggest that the triangular trade was a route for the intercontinental dissemination of genetic strains from Africa to South America. This supports the possibility of contamination in humans and animals with potentially imported virulent strains.
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