ArticlePloS one2021
Relationship between serum bilirubin levels, urinary biopyrrin levels, and retinopathy in patients with diabetes.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Morphological changes of β-Zone Peripapillary Atrophy (β-PPA) in children with type 1 Diabetes: A longitudinal study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Observational
- Association between serum bilirubin and diabetic retinopathy: results from the NHANES 1999-2018 and Mendelian randomization study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Association between free triiodothyronine, resting metabolic rate, systemic immune-inflammation index levels and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients with euthyroidism.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The HO-1/bilirubin axis in cardiovascular protection: critical evidence for modulation by plant metabolites and traditional multi-component formulations used in Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- An Association between Bilirubin and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Effect Modification by Nrf2 Polymorphisms.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Article
- Article
- Association between bilirubin and biomarkers of metabolic health and oxidative stress in the MARK-AGE cohort.iScience · 2024Article
- Associations of retinal microvascular alterations with diabetes mellitus: an OCTA-based cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- A Platform for the Synthesis of Oxidation Products of Bilirubin.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2024Article
- Review
- Relationship between serum indirect bilirubin levels and skeletal muscle mass in older male and female patients with type 2 diabetes.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivePrevious reports have indicated that serum bilirubin levels may be associated with diabetic retinopathy. However, the detailed mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and various factors including bilirubin levels and factors influencing bilirubin metabolism.
methodsThe study participants consisted of 94 consecutive patients with diabetes mellitus admitted to Kyushu University Hospital from April 2011 to July 2012. The patients were classified into three groups: no retinopathy (NDR), simple retinopathy (SDR), and pre-proliferative or proliferative retinopathy (PDR). The relationship between the severity of retinopathy and various factors was evaluated using univariate and logistic regression analyses. In addition, multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the significant determinants for bilirubin levels.
resultsIn univariate analysis, a significant difference was found among NDR, SDR and PDR in bilirubin levels, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, and macroalbuminuria. Logistic regression analysis showed that PDR was significantly associated with bilirubin levels, duration of diabetes, and systolic blood pressure (OR 0.737, 95% CI 0.570-0.952, P = 0.012; OR 1.085, 95% CI 1.024-1.149, P = 0.006; OR 1.036, 95% CI 1.011-1.062, P = 0.005, respectively). In turn, multivariate regression analysis showed that bilirubin levels were negatively associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels and PDR, but positively correlated with urinary biopyrrin levels, oxidized metabolites of bilirubin.
conclusionPDR was negatively associated with bilirubin levels. This negative association may be due to a decreased production of bilirubin rather than its increased consumption considering the positive association between bilirubin and biopyrrin levels.
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