ArticleBlood advances2021
Immune reconstitution and infectious complications following axicabtagene ciloleucel therapy for large B-cell lymphoma.
Article in Blood advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Central nervous system infections caused by carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae after CAR T-cell therapy in a patient with preexisting colonization: a case report and literature review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Best Practice Considerations by The American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy: Infection Prevention and Management After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2024Guideline
- Pooled it
- A meta-analysis to assess the risk of bleeding and thrombosis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: Communication from the ISTH SSC Subcommittee on Hemostasis and Malignancy.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2024Pooled it
- Cytopenias following anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy: a systematic analysis for contributing factors.Annals of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Role of CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Second-Line Large B Cell Lymphoma: Lessons from Phase 3 Trials. An Expert Panel Opinion from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy.Transplantation and cellular therapy · 2022Guideline
- Efficacy and safety of a novel CD19, CD22 dual-targeted fully human loop bi-CAR-T for the treatment of relapsed/refractory B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- B -Cell Maturation Antigen-CD19 Dual-Targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor- T -Cell Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory AL Amyloidosis.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- Predictive Models for Toxicities after CAR T-cell Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities.Blood cancer discovery · 2026Review
- Late Complications After European Medicines Agency-Approved Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies: A Scoping Review.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
- Infectious Complications of CD19-targeted Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: a Multicenter Cohort Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients and CAR T Cell Recipients - PART 1: Risk Factors, Clinical Impact and Immune Response.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy: Risk Factors and Outcomes in a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Infections and CAR-T cells for the treatment of lymphoid malignancies: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in hematology · 2026Article
- Potential of small-molecule targeted drugs in combination with CAR-T cell therapy for hematologic lymphomas.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Cytopenias and infections following ciltacabtagene autoleucel in heavily pretreated relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.Haematologica · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus Infection and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy Recipients.Cureus · 2026Article
- Infection after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for large B-cell lymphoma: real-world analysis from CIBMTR.Blood advances · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy targeting CD19 has significantly improved outcomes in the treatment of refractory or relapsed large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). We evaluated the long-term course of hematologic recovery, immune reconstitution, and infectious complications in 41 patients with LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) at a single center. Grade 3+ cytopenias occurred in 97.6% of patients within the first 28 days postinfusion, with most resolved by 6 months. Overall, 63.4% of patients received a red blood cell transfusion, 34.1% of patients received a platelet transfusion, 36.6% of patients received IV immunoglobulin, and 51.2% of patients received growth factor (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) injections beyond the first 28 days postinfusion. Only 40% of patients had recovered detectable CD19+ B cells by 1 year, and 50% of patients had a CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells per μL by 18 months postinfusion. Patients with durable responses to axi-cel had significantly longer durations of B-cell aplasia, and this duration correlated strongly with the recovery of CD4+ T-cell counts. There were significantly more infections within the first 28 days compared with any other period of follow-up, with the majority being mild-moderate in severity. Receipt of corticosteroids was the only factor that predicted risk of infection in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.69; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-16.5). Opportunistic infections due to Pneumocystis jirovecii and varicella-zoster virus occurred up to 18 months postinfusion in patients who prematurely discontinued prophylaxis. These results support the use of comprehensive supportive care, including long-term monitoring and antimicrobial prophylaxis, beyond 12 months after axi-cel treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.