ArticleJMIR research protocols2021
A Multicomponent Intervention to Reduce Screen Time Among Children Aged 2-5 Years in Chandigarh, North India: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Article in JMIR research protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of a program to lower unwanted media screens among 2-5-year-old children: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Screen time and sleep problems in South Indian preschoolers: a community-based cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Early Digital Engagement Among Younger Children and the Transformation of Parenting in the Digital Age From an mHealth Perspective: Scoping Review.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2025Review
- Dose-Response Associations of Internet Use Time and Internet Addiction With Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExcessive digital screen exposure (≥1 hour per day) is associated with limited growth and development in children.
objectiveThis study aims to develop and assess a multicomponent intervention program's effectiveness in reducing excessive screen time among children aged 2-5 years.
methodsA theory-based multicomponent intervention known as Program to Lower Unwanted Media Screens (PLUMS) at the household level has been developed. It is based on the social cognitive theory for children and self-determination theory for caregivers. After pretesting, a randomized control trial will be conducted to assess this intervention's effectiveness among healthy children aged 2-5 (±3 months) years and their primary caregivers who have at least one digital media gadget at home in zone three of Chandigarh (population of 2,730,035). A sample size of 428 children is estimated per arm. PLUMS includes disseminating specific information, education, communication in the form of videos and posters to the primary caregivers, and conducting motivational interviewing as and when needed. Children will be provided suggestions for playful activities as alternatives to digital media gadgets. The primary outcome is the mean change in the duration of screen time, and secondary outcomes are sleep duration and patterns, emotional-behavioral problems, and level of physical activity of the children. Per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses will be conducted using SPSS for Macintosh, Version 25.0.
resultsThe intervention package will be disseminated once a week for 8 weeks to the participants via the caregivers' preferred means of communication. The endline assessment will be done immediately postintervention and after the 6 months of follow-up. The Institute's ethics committee, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India, has approved this study (INT/IEC/2019/000711). The Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi (3/1/3/Next-100/JRF-2015/HRD), and PGIMER, Chandigarh (71/2-Edu-16/92, Dated 08/01/2018) funded this study.
conclusionsPLUMS might be effective in reducing excessive screen time among children aged 2-5 years in a North Indian Union Territory.
trial registrationClinical Trial Registry India CTRI/2017/09/009761; https://tinyurl.com/53q6dpjs. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/24106.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.