Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33569511›Full record

ReviewGenes & diseases2021

Immune checkpoint: The novel target for antitumor therapy.

Xianghu Jiang, Guohong Liu, Yirong Li, Yunbao Pan

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Genes & diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 15% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xianghu JiangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
Guohong LiuDepartment of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
Yirong LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
Yunbao PanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China.
Wuhan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inhibitory checkpoint molecules include programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), human endogenous retrovirus-H Long terminal repeat-associating 2 (HHLA2), B7 homolog 4 protein (B7-H4), T cell membrane protein-3 (TIM-3) and Lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3), which are up-regulated during tumorigenesis. These pathways are essential to down-regulate the immune system by blocking the activation of T cells. In recent years, immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) against PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4 or TIM-3 has made remarkable progress in the clinical application, revolutionizing the treatment of malignant tumors and improving patients' overall survival. However, the efficacy of ICBs in some patients does not seem to be good enough, and more immune-related adverse events (irAEs) will inevitably occur. Therefore, biomarkers research provides practical guidance for clinicians to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from or exhibit resistance to particular types of immune checkpoint therapy. There are two points in general. On the one hand, given the spatial and temporal differential expression of immune checkpoint molecules during immunosuppression process, it is essential to understand their mechanisms to design the most effective individualized therapy. On the other hand, due to the lack of potent immune checkpoints, it is necessary to combine them with novel biomarkers (such as exosomes and ctDNA) and other anticancer modalities (such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy).

Indexed as

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4)ExosomeImmune checkpointLymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3)Programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1)Programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1)T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3)

Identifiers

PMID33569511
PMCPMC7859424
OpenAlexW2996606144

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.