ReviewAnnals of translational medicine2021
Narrative review of intrathecal drug delivery (IDD): indications, devices and potential complications.
Review in Annals of translational medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- How brain pulsations drive solute transport in the cranial subarachnoid space: insights from a toy model.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2026Article
- Intrathecal pump refills at home or at the hospital: Protocol for a randomized controlled crossover trial-The IMPROVE study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review of Pharmacologic Agents, Clinical Applications, and Considerations.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hexokinase as a Central Hub in Neurodegeneration: From Metabolic Dysfunction to Therapeutic Innovation.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Intrathecal Therapies for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Current Approaches and the Urgent Need for Advanced Delivery Systems.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance mRNA Delivery to the Central Nervous System Upon Intrathecal Injection.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
- The Impact of Radiation Therapy on Intrathecal Drug Delivery System Functioning and Safety.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Review
- Device Evaluation, Treatment, and Explantation Recommendations (DETER): Review and Best Practices for Managing Neuromodulation Device Infections.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- The Addition of Intrathecal Clonidine to Reduce Medication-Related Side-Effects in Cancer Pain: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Article
- Multidimensional Analysis of Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Non-Cancer Pain and Short- and Long-Term Intrathecal Analgesic Therapy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The PATIENT Approach: A New Bundle for the Management of Chronic Pain.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Ion elemental-optimized layered double hydroxide nanoparticles promote chondrogenic differentiation and intervertebral disc regeneration of mesenchymal stem cells through focal adhesion signaling pathway.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Pharmacological Methods of Pain Management: Narrative Review of Medication Used.International journal of general medicine · 2023Review
- Evaluation of the effect of intrathecal GM1 in 24, 48, and 72 hours after acute spinal cord injury in rats.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2023Article
- The Options for Neuraxial Drug Administration.CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Best Practices for Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Treatment 2.0 (MIST): Consensus Guidance from the American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN).Journal of pain research · 2022Review
- The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline of Interventional Treatments for Low Back Pain.Journal of pain research · 2022Review
- Article
- Gabapentin enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in refractory cancer pain patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The management of chronic refractory pain (non-neoplastic and cancer-related pain) remains a therapeutic challenge. The continuous intrathecal (IT) administration of drugs may play an important role in the possible management options. Intrathecal drug delivery devices (IDDDs) may be effective for patients with refractory chronic pain. Therefore, they may be adopted for non-oncologic pain in patients with compression fractures, spondylolisthesis, spondylosis, back surgery failure syndrome and spinal stenosis. Oncologic patients can benefit from these treatments in a variable way according to tumor characteristics, prognosis, periprocedural imaging and risk of disease progression. In this review, we describe the most commonly used drugs (opioids and non-opioids), their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic features and indications of use. The most used drugs are morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, bupivacaine, clonidine, and ketamine. Patient evaluation before the device implantation should be based on clinical examination, medical records assessment and psychometric evaluation. The infusion pumps available on the market are both non-programmable (with continuous IT deliver of drugs) and programmable (with variable deliver of drugs according to their flow rate). Moreover, we describe the procedure of implantation and the potential complications of IT drug delivery (such as bleeding, infection, loss of cerebrospinal fluid, wound seroma, loss of catheter pump propellant).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.