ArticleSymmetry2020
A Multivariate Approach to Determine the Dimensionality of Human Facial Asymmetry.
Article in Symmetry, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smartphone-based photogrammetry and videogrammetry versus structured light scanning for the assessment of facial landmark distances and uncertainty.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- Computer-Assisted Evaluation of Zygomatic Fracture Outcomes: Case Series and Proposal of a Reproducible Workflow.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2025Article
- Probing real-world Central European population midfacial skeleton symmetry for maxillofacial surgery.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Three-dimensional quantification of skeletal midfacial complex symmetry.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2023Article
- How can directional and fluctuating asymmetry help in the prognosis of scoliosis along the course of the condition?Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- Symmetry and fluctuation of cell movements in neural crest-derived facial mesenchyme.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2021Article
- Fluctuating Asymmetry and Sexual Dimorphism in Human Facial Morphology: A Multi-Variate Study.Symmetry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that developmental instability (DI) could lead to asymmetric development, otherwise known as fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Several attempts to unravel the biological meaning of FA have been made, yet the main step in estimating FA is to remove the effects of directional asymmetry (DA), which is defined as the average bilateral asymmetry at the population level. Here, we demonstrate in a multivariate context that the conventional method of DA correction does not adequately compensate for the effects of DA in other dimensions of asymmetry. This appears to be due to the presence of between-individual variation along the DA dimension. Consequently, we propose to decompose asymmetry into its different orthogonal dimensions, where we introduce a new measure of asymmetry, namely fluctuating directional asymmetry (F-DA). This measure describes individual variation in the dimension of DA, and can be used to adequately correct the asymmetry measurements for the presence of DA. We provide evidence that this measure can be useful in disentangling the different dimensions of asymmetry, and further studies on this measure can provide valuable insight into the underlying biological processes leading to these different asymmetry dimensions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.