ArticleeNeuro
Suppress Me if You Can: Neurofeedback of the Readiness Potential.
Article in eNeuro. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors that influence the amplitude of the bereitschaftspotential.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026Review
- A portable solution for simultaneous human movement and mobile EEG acquisition: readiness potential for basketball free-throw shooting.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Spatial Distance and Temporal Attentional Focus Modulate Voluntary Action Preparation and Awareness.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Reconceptualizing the sense of agency: expanding Decision-level Agency as mental action in the era of generative AI.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- A multi-measurement study of the relation between deliberation and volition.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Feeling ready: neural bases of prospective motor readiness judgements.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2023Article
- Time-estimation process could cause the disappearence of readiness potential.Cognitive neurodynamics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Voluntary movements are usually preceded by a slow, negative-going brain signal over motor areas, the so-called readiness potential (RP). To date, the exact nature and causal role of the RP in movement preparation have remained heavily debated. Although the RP is influenced by several motorical and cognitive factors, it has remained unclear whether people can learn to exert mental control over their RP, for example, by deliberately suppressing it. If people were able to initiate spontaneous movements without eliciting an RP, this would challenge the idea that the RP is a necessary stage of the causal chain leading up to a voluntary movement. We tested the ability of participants to control the magnitude of their RP in a neurofeedback experiment. Participants performed self-initiated movements, and after every movement, they were provided with immediate feedback about the magnitude of their RP. They were asked to find a strategy to perform voluntary movements such that the RPs were as small as possible. We found no evidence that participants were able to to willfully modulate or suppress their RPs while still eliciting voluntary movements. This suggests that the RP might be an involuntary component of voluntary action over which people cannot exert conscious control.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.