Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2021
A Randomized Phase II Study of Coexpression Extrapolation (COXEN) with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer (SWOG S1314; NCT02177695).
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Three versus four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Curative Effect and Survival Assessment Comparing Gemcitabine and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin and Cisplatin as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Treatment Efficacy and Molecular Dynamics of Neoadjuvant Durvalumab and Olaparib in Resectable Urothelial Bladder Cancer: The NEODURVARIB Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Phase II Trial of Risk-Enabled Therapy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (RETAIN 1).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant gemcitabine-cisplatin plus tislelizumab in persons with resectable muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial.Nature cancer · 2024Trial
- Association of Molecular Subtypes with Pathologic Response, PFS, and OS in a Phase II Study of COXEN with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2024Trial
- Gemcitabine and cisplatin plus nivolumab as organ-sparing treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Cell-free DNA Methylation as a Predictive Biomarker of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in SWOG S1314.European urology oncology · 2023Trial
- Long-term Outcomes from a Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (SWOG S1314; NCT02177695).European urology · 2023Trial
- Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Split-Dose Cisplatin Plus Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- Integrating clinically actionable biomarkers into bladder cancer care - recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Preclinical Models of Bladder Cancer: Barrier, Metabolic, and Translational Susceptibility.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Proliferation- and cytotoxic immune signatures identify chemotherapy-responsive bladder tumors in a molecular subtype dependent manner.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Monitoring of plasma and urine tumor-derived DNA to inform bladder-sparing approaches for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Monitoring of plasma and urine tumor-derived DNA to inform bladder-sparing approaches for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Event-Free Survival as a Surrogate Endpoint for Overall Survival in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Following Neoadjuvant Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oncology and therapy · 2025Article
- End Points for the Next-Generation Bladder-Sparing Perioperative Trials for Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Article
- Advancing Bladder Cancer Management: The Role of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Therapies and Biomarkers in Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Management of clinical stage T3/T4 bladder cancer: a review.World journal of urology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 13 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDose-dense methotrexate-vinblastine-adriamycin-cisplatin (ddMVAC) and gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) are accepted neoadjuvant regimens for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The aim of this study was to validate the score from a coexpression extrapolation (COXEN) algorithm-generated gene expression model (GEM) as a biomarker in patients undergoing radical cystectomy. PATIENTS AND
methodsEligibility included cT2-T4a N0 M0, urothelial bladder cancer, ≥ 5 mm of viable tumor, cisplatin eligible, with plan for cystectomy; 237 patients were randomized between ddMVAC, given every 14 days for four cycles, and GC, given every 21 days for four cycles. The primary objective assessed prespecified dichotomous treatment-specific COXEN score as predictive of pT0 rate or ≤ pT1 (downstaging) at surgery.
resultsAmong 167 evaluable patients, the OR for pT0 with the GC GEM score in GC-treated patients was 2.63 [
conclusionsTreatment-specific COXEN scores were not significantly predictive for response to individual chemotherapy treatment. The COXEN GEM GC score was significantly associated with downstaging in the pooled arms. Additional biomarker development is planned.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.