Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33568183›Full record

ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2021

Children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity on weekdays versus weekend days: a multi-country analysis.

Keith Brazendale, Michael W Beets, Bridget Armstrong, R Glenn Weaver, Ethan T Hunt, Russell R Pate, Timothy A Brusseau, Amy M Bohnert, Timothy Olds, Rafael M Tassitano and 15 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Health effects of children's summer holiday programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2024
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  11. When Routines Break: The Health Implications of Disrupted Daily Life.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

25 authors.

Keith BrazendaleDepartment of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4364 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA. keith.brazendale@ucf.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9233-1621
Michael W BeetsDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Bridget ArmstrongDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
R Glenn WeaverDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Ethan T HuntDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Russell R PateDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Timothy A BrusseauDepartment of Health & Kinesiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Amy M BohnertDepartment of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, College of Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA.
Timothy OldsAlliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
Rafael M TassitanoDepartment of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Maria Cecilia M TenorioDepartment of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Jeanette GarciaDepartment of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, 4364 Scorpius Street, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
Lars B AndersenDepartment of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norwegian University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
Rachel DaveyHealth Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Pedro C HallalPostgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
Russell JagoCentre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Elin KolleNorwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Susi KriemlerEpidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Peter L KristensenUniversity of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Soyang KwonStanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, USA.
Jardena J PuderService of Obstetrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Jo SalmonInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, ZDeakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Luis B SardinhaExercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Movement, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Esther M F van SluijsMRC Epidemiology Unit & Centre for Diet and Activity Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Collaborators

Funding

Targeting Behavioral Adjustment and Healthy Lifestyle in Preschool-Age Children Using an Integrated Family-Based InterventionP20GM130420 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA AT COLUMBIA · PI PRINZ, RONALD J · 2020 to 2024
$11.2M
Medical Research Council G0701877Medical Research Council MC_UU_00006/5Medical Research Council MC_UU_12015/7Medical Research Council MR/K023187/1NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130420
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe Structured Days Hypothesis (SDH) posits that children's behaviors associated with obesity - such as physical activity - are more favorable on days that contain more 'structure' (i.e., a pre-planned, segmented, and adult-supervised environment) such as school weekdays, compared to days with less structure, such as weekend days. The purpose of this study was to compare children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels on weekdays versus weekend days using a large, multi-country, accelerometer-measured physical activity dataset.

methodsData were received from the International Children's Accelerometer Database (ICAD) July 2019. The ICAD inclusion criteria for a valid day of wear, only non-intervention data (e.g., baseline intervention data), children with at least 1 weekday and 1 weekend day, and ICAD studies with data collected exclusively during school months, were included for analyses. Mixed effects models accounting for the nested nature of the data (i.e., days within children) assessed MVPA minutes per day (min/day MVPA) differences between weekdays and weekend days by region/country, adjusted for age, sex, and total wear time. Separate meta-analytical models explored differences by age and country/region for sex and child weight-status. RESULTS/

findingsValid data from 15 studies representing 5794 children (61% female, 10.7 ± 2.1 yrs., 24% with overweight/obesity) and 35,263 days of valid accelerometer data from 5 distinct countries/regions were used. Boys and girls accumulated 12.6 min/day (95% CI: 9.0, 16.2) and 9.4 min/day (95% CI: 7.2, 11.6) more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively. Children from mainland Europe had the largest differences (17.1 min/day more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, 95% CI: 15.3, 19.0) compared to the other countries/regions. Children who were classified as overweight/obese or normal weight/underweight accumulated 9.5 min/day (95% CI: 6.9, 12.2) and 10.9 min/day (95% CI: 8.3, 13.5) of additional MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days, respectively.

conclusionsChildren from multiple countries/regions accumulated significantly more MVPA on weekdays versus weekend days during school months. This finding aligns with the SDH and warrants future intervention studies to prioritize less-structured days, such as weekend days, and to consider providing opportunities for all children to access additional opportunities to be active.

Indexed as

Life StyleAccelerometryBody WeightChildExerciseFemaleHumansMalePediatric ObesityTime FactorsAccelerometerChildrenPhysical activityStructureWeekdayWeekend

Identifiers

PMID33568183
PMCPMC7877033

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.