ArticleScandinavian journal of public health2022
The Gender Pain Gap: gender inequalities in pain across 19 European countries.
Article in Scandinavian journal of public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to reduce pain at dressing change of chronic wounds: a mixed-methods systematic review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Social dimensions as explanatory approaches for the development of chronic pain: a meta-ethnography of qualitative studies.International journal for equity in health · 2025Pooled it
- PROGRESS: A patient-centered engagement infrastructure and multi-level approach to enrich diversity, equity, and inclusion in a national randomized online behavioral pain treatment study.The journal of pain · 2025Trial
- Social Determinants of Pain Prevalence: A Cross-National Comparison of Four European Countries.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Loneliness and Initiation of Potentially Inappropriate Pain and Psychotropic Medications: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Drugs & aging · 2026Article
- The gender pain gap in prehospital analgesia: the role of patient and provider gender - an analysis of 106,888 helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) missions.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Assessing the impact of manual therapy in the management of nonspecific low back pain: a scoping review of the outcomes used in clinical trials.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2026Article
- Bidirectional adverse effects of low and high atmospheric humidity on arthritis in middle-aged and older adults: evidence from propensity score matching and comprehensive mosdeling approaches.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Long-Acting versus Short-Acting Opioids and Opioid-Related Disorders in Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: A Claims Data Analysis in Germany.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Types of Chronic Pain among Insured Individuals with Tic Disorders.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- The association between loneliness and pain, and the role of physical health and distress: an analysis in 139 countries.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The silence of opioids-dependent chronic pain patients: A text mining analysis from sex and gender perspective.PloS one · 2025Article
- Tailoring treatment: dog breed status influences pain assessment and treatment in emergency veterinary care.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Associations among frailty conditions and pain indicators: Data from 22 356 European older adults.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2024Observational
- How pain is misunderstood and ignored in women.Nature · 2024Article
- Understanding the Impact of Chronic Non-Cancer Pain on Daily Life from a Gender Perspective Using the PAIN_Integral Scale©.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of a Community Pharmacy Pharmacotherapy Follow-up (PTF) service in patients using opioid analgesic.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2024Article
- Physical symptoms among professional gamers within eSports, a survey study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Exploring Gender Differences in Veterans in a Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness for Chronic Pain.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsChronic pain is increasingly considered to be an international public health issue, yet gender differences in chronic pain in Europe are under-examined. This work aimed to examine gender inequalities in pain across Europe.
methodsData for 27,552 men and women aged 25-74 years in 19 European countries were taken from the social determinants of health module of the European Social Survey (2014). Inequalities in reporting pain were measured by means of adjusted rate differences (ARD) and relative adjusted rate risks (ARR).
resultsAt the pooled pan-European level, a greater proportion of women (62.3%) reported pain than men (55.5%) (ARD 5.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 4.1, 6.9), ARR 1.10 (95% CI 1.08, 1.13)). These inequalities were greatest for back/neck pain (ARD 5.8% (95% CI 4.4, 7.1), ARR 1.15 (95% CI 1.12, 1.19)), but were also significant for hand/arm pain (ARD 4.6% (95% CI 3.5, 5.7), ARR 1.24 (95% CI 1.17, 1.30)) and foot/leg pain (ARD 2.6% (95% CI 1.5, 3.8), ARR 1.12 (95% CI 1.07, 1.18)). There was considerable cross-national variation in gender pain inequalities across European countries.
conclusionsSignificant gender pain inequalities exist across Europe whereby women experience more pain than men. The extent of the gender pain gap varies by country. The gender pain gap is a public health concern and should be considered in future prevention and management strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.