ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Glutamine Synthetase as a Therapeutic Target for Cancer Treatment.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutamine-dependent biosynthetic pathways fuel autoreactive T and B cells in Foxp3 deficiency-mediated disease.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Targeting colorectal cancer and T‑cell metabolism for the treatment of colorectal cancer (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- New Functions of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Gastric Cancer: From Molecular Processes to Potential Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Leveraging Macrophage Metabolic Reprogramming for Enhanced Anti-Tumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Amino Acids as Targets for Immunotherapy against Solid Tumors.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming Regulating Immunosuppression in the Gastric Cancer Tumor Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Immunometabolic reprogramming in rheumatoid arthritis: the epitranscriptomic role of N6-methyladenosine in innate and adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Amino acids metabolism: a potential target for cancer treatment.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- GLUL mediates FOXO3 O-GlcNAcylation to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and senile osteoporosis.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- Lipocalin-2 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Review of Its Pathophysiological Role in the Metastatic Cascade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Are HDAC and Glutamine Synthetase Expression Levels Associated with Ga68-DOTATATE PET/CT Data and Prognosis in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Resilience and Vulnerabilities of Tumor Cells under Purine Shortage Stress.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Article
- Glutamine synthetase shields triple-negative breast cancer cells from ferroptosis in metastasis triggered by glutamine deprivation.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- D-2HG Inhibits Glutamine Synthetase Activity and Induces Senescence in IDH-Mutant Gliomas.Aging and disease · 2025Article
- Amino acid metabolism in breast cancer: pathogenic drivers and therapeutic opportunities.Protein & cell · 2025Review
- Haptoglobin and Glutamine Synthetase May Biomark Cachexia Induced by Antiacute Myeloid Leukaemia Chemotherapy.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Resilience and vulnerabilities of tumor cells under purine shortage stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Glioblastoma multiforme: insights into pathogenesis, key signaling pathways, and therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- High-ammonia microenvironment promotes stemness and metastatic potential in hepatocellular carcinoma through metabolic reprogramming.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and Applications of Manganese-Based Nanomaterials in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The significance of glutamine in cancer metabolism has been extensively studied. Cancer cells consume an excessive amount of glutamine to facilitate rapid proliferation. Thus, glutamine depletion occurs in various cancer types, especially in poorly vascularized cancers. This makes glutamine synthetase (GS), the only enzyme responsible for de novo synthesizing glutamine, essential in cancer metabolism. In cancer, GS exhibits pro-tumoral features by synthesizing glutamine, supporting nucleotide synthesis. Furthermore, GS is highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and provides glutamine to cancer cells, allowing cancer cells to maintain sufficient glutamine level for glutamine catabolism. Glutamine catabolism, the opposite reaction of glutamine synthesis by GS, is well known for supporting cancer cell proliferation via contributing biosynthesis of various essential molecules and energy production. Either glutamine anabolism or catabolism has a critical function in cancer metabolism depending on the complex nature and microenvironment of cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of GS in a variety of cancer types and microenvironments and highlight the mechanism of GS at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Lastly, we discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting GS in cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.