ReviewCancers2021
Enhance the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Efficacy with Radiotherapy Induced Immunogenic Cell Death: A Comprehensive Review and Latest Developments.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect and safety of tislelizumab combined with anlotinib and radiotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A single-arm, single-center, phase II clinical study.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Induction chemoimmunotherapy followed by concurrent radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer: a single-arm phase 2 trial.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- Radiotherapy-induced abscopal effects in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory metastatic disease: results from a large multicenter real-world cohort study.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy in patients with NSCLC developing progressive disease during immune checkpoint inhibition: Abscopal responses and survival.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- MVI-targeted carbon-ion radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Phase Ib DEPARTURE trial.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Article
- The efficacy of sequential radiotherapy after the combination of TACE with lenvatinib and anti-PD-1 antibodies for unresectable HCC.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Oncolytic adenovirus in combination with PD-L1-targeted radioimmunotherapy exerts synergistic antitumor effect against pancreatic cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Innovative immunotherapy approaches: harnessing synergy of dual checkpoint blockade in oncology.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Clinical evaluation of medical and surgical complete responses in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapy.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Article
- Tumor habitat characteristics derived from intravoxel incoherent motion for early response assessment in soft tissue sarcoma undergoing neoadjuvant radiotherapy and targeted therapy: a phase II study.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Article
- Elevated expression of immune checkpoints and pro-inflammatory cytokines as potential biomarkers in pediatric Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Understanding the Tumor Microenvironmental Mechanisms Driving Immunotherapy Resistance in Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy-synergized in situ hydrogel vaccine with engineeredFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cellular responses to targeted radionuclide therapy: rethinking radiobiology under continuous low dose rates.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Promising Targets and Drugs for Improving Head and Neck Cancer Response to Radiotherapy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Construction of a novel radioresistance-related signature for prediction of prognosis, immune microenvironment and anti-tumour drug sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Current status and challenge (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immunogenic cell death (ICD) is defined as a regulated cell death able to induce an adaptive immunity. It depends on different parameters including sufficient antigenicity, adjuvanticity and favorable microenvironment conditions. Radiation therapy (RT), a pillar of modern cancer treatment, is being used in many tumor types in curative, (neo) adjuvant, as well as metastatic settings. The anti-tumor effects of RT have been traditionally attributed to the mitotic cell death resulting from the DNA damages triggered by the release of reactive oxygen species. Recent evidence suggests that RT may also exert its anti-tumor effect by recruiting tumor-specific immunity. RT is able to induce the release of tumor antigens, to act as an immune adjuvant and thus to synergize with the anti-tumor immunity. The advent of new efficient immunotherapeutic agents, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), in multiple tumor types sheds new light on the opportunity of combining RT and ICI. Here, we will describe the biological and radiobiological rationale of the RT-induced ICD. We will then focus on the interest to combine RT and ICI, from bench to bedside, and summarize the clinical data existing with this combination. Finally, RT technical adaptations to optimize the ICD induction will be discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.