ArticleViruses2021
H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disentangling the drivers and host-mediated global spread of H7 influenza A virus.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Risk Assessment of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H7 Introduction and Spread in the Russian Federation.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Overcoming Challenges in Avian Influenza Diagnosis: The Role of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Poultry Health Monitoring.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Molecular Evolution of the H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Cleavage Site Motif.Reviews in medical virology · 2025Review
- A systematic review on global zoonotic virus-associated mortality events in marine mammals.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- High pathogenicity avian influenza virus emergence: Blame it on chickens or on humans raising chickens?PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Article
- Evolution and Antigenic Differentiation of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Virus, China.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Mucosal Administration ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Antigenic Architecture of the H7N2 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Belonging to the North American Lineage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Evolution of the North American Lineage H7 Avian Influenza Viruses in Association with H7 Virus's Introduction to Poultry.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Hemagglutinin Subtype Specificity and Mechanisms of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Genesis.Viruses · 2022Review
- Estimation of Avian Influenza Viruses in Water Environments of Live Poultry Markets in Changsha, China, 2014 to 2018.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of H7N7 and H7N9 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from South Korea.Viruses · 2021Article
- An Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H7N7) in Australia and the Potential for Novel Influenza A Viruses to Emerge.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 are capable of mutating from low to high pathogenicity strains, causing high mortality in poultry with significant economic losses globally. During 2015, two outbreaks of H7N7 low pathogenicity AIV (LPAIV) in Germany, and one each in the United Kingdom (UK) and The Netherlands occurred, as well as single outbreaks of H7N7 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) in Germany and the UK. Both HPAIV outbreaks were linked to precursor H7N7 LPAIV outbreaks on the same or adjacent premises. Herein, we describe the clinical, epidemiological, and virological investigations for the H7N7 UK HPAIV outbreak on a farm with layer chickens in mixed free-range and caged units. H7N7 HPAIV was identified and isolated from clinical samples, as well as H7N7 LPAIV, which could not be isolated. Using serological and molecular evidence, we postulate how the viruses spread throughout the premises, indicating potential points of incursion and possible locations for the mutation event. Serological and mortality data suggested that the LPAIV infection preceded the HPAIV infection and afforded some clinical protection against the HPAIV. These results document the identification of a LPAIV to HPAIV mutation in nature, providing insights into factors that drive its manifestation during outbreaks.
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