ReviewNutrients2021
Lipid Composition, Digestion, and Absorption Differences among Neonatal Feeding Strategies: Potential Implications for Intestinal Inflammation in Preterm Infants.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteral micronutrient supplementation and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm or low birth weight infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- From homeostasis to dysregulation: human milk, microbial metabolites, and the preterm intestinal microenvironment in necrotizing enterocolitis.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Vitamin K Biochemistry and Pharmacokinetics: The Basis of Late Vitamin K Deficiency Intracranial Bleeding in Early Infancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Image-Based Morphometric Analysis of Human Milk Fat Globules Versus Laser Diffraction.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nutritional Strategies for Intestinal Rehabilitation in Children with Short Bowel Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Preterm infant formulas with glucose polymers and reduced lactose content increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Workflow for the Isolation and Characterisation of Human Milk Extracellular Vesicles (HMEVs) and Their Inflammatory Biomarker Profile.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Maternal docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation: effects and mechanisms on lipid metabolism in the offspring.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Phosphatidylethanolamine/PKA signal axis mediated human milk extracellular vesicles enhance adipose thermogenesis and lipolysis via mitochondrial remodeling.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Donor human milk pasteurization methods and the effect on milk components as they relate to Necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Impact of neonatal nutrition on necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2023Review
- Dilemmas in human milk fortification.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Review
- Effect of Hyaluronic Acid 35 kDa on an In Vitro Model of Preterm Small Intestinal Injury and Healing using Enteroid-derived Monolayers.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates.Newborn (Clarksville, Md.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Formula feeding is among the many risk factors for developing the condition, a practice often required in the cohort most often afflicted with NEC, preterm infants. While the virtues of many bioactive components of breast milk have been extolled, the ability to digest and assimilate the nutritional components of breast milk is often overlooked. The structure of formula differs from that of breast milk, both in lipid composition and chemical configuration. In addition, formula lacks a critical digestive enzyme produced by the mammary gland, bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL). The gastrointestinal system of premature infants is often incapable of secreting sufficient pancreatic enzymes for fat digestion, and pasteurization of donor milk (DM) has been shown to inactivate BSSL, among other important compounds. Incompletely digested lipids may oxidize and accumulate in the distal gut. These lipid fragments are thought to induce intestinal inflammation in the neonate, potentially hastening the development of diseases such as NEC. In this review, differences in breast milk, pasteurized DM, and formula lipids are highlighted, with a focus on the ability of those lipids to be digested and subsequently absorbed by neonates, especially those born prematurely and at risk for NEC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.