Trial reportCell reports2021
Atypical B cells are part of an alternative lineage of B cells that participates in responses to vaccination and infection in humans.
Trial report in Cell reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 232 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of controlled human Plasmodium falciparum infection on B cell subsets in individuals with different levels of malaria immunity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Trial
- A distinct effector B cell population drives autoantibody production in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Immunity · 2026Article
- Expression patterns of CD24 and CD27 resolve the origins and gradual differentiation of CD11cThe EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Non-canonical NF-κB drives a fate switch from germinal center to early effector B cells.iScience · 2026Article
- Interferon-Mediated Regulation of Memory B Cell Identity and Function.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Malaria exposure history shapes PD-1 expression across human B-cell subsets during acute Plasmodium falciparum infection.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Atypical B cells and inflammatory profiles delineate immunity to influenza vaccination in First Nations and non-Indigenous people with chronic multimorbidity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HIV causes global B cell dysregulation and restricts HBV-specific B cell development in an incident HBV cohort.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Observational
- SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit distinct pharyngeal mucosal B cell responses in children.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multiplexed antigen panel analysis identifies B cell phenotype and receptor genetic contributions to antibody breadth.Immunity · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Atypical memory B cell clonal expansion and inflammatory programs associate with platelet-activating antibody development in COVID-19.JCI insight · 2026Article
- IFN-gene signatures in B cells following influenza A and B virus infection and influenza vaccination.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Multiomic Immune Profiling of Pediatric Transplant Recipients Identifies Cell States Associated with Vaccine Response.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Article
- The vaccine platform used for COVID-19 primary immunization shapes the quality of the human B cell response to a vaccine boost.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Robust effector memory features of human T-betiScience · 2026Article
- A method to unravel complexity in human peripheral blood B-cell subsets through multiomic cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) analyses.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Article
- WAS Protein Deficiency Disrupts Memory B Cell Formation During Acute LCMV Infection.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 11 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The diversity of circulating human B cells is unknown. We use single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to examine the diversity of both antigen-specific and total B cells in healthy subjects and malaria-exposed individuals. This reveals two B cell lineages: a classical lineage of activated and resting memory B cells and an alternative lineage, which includes previously described atypical B cells. Although atypical B cells have previously been associated with disease states, the alternative lineage is common in healthy controls, as well as malaria-exposed individuals. We further track Plasmodium-specific B cells after malaria vaccination in naive volunteers. We find that alternative lineage cells are primed after the initial immunization and respond to booster doses. However, alternative lineage cells develop an atypical phenotype with repeated boosts. The data highlight that atypical cells are part of a wider alternative lineage of B cells that are a normal component of healthy immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.