ArticleMolecular pharmaceutics2021
Bluetongue Virus Particles as Nanoreactors for Enzyme Delivery and Cancer Therapy.
Article in Molecular pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacteriophage P22 Virus-Like Particles as Nanoscale Protein Scaffolds for Plant Synthetic Biology.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Protein engineering strategies to optimise recombinant product synthesis and accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana.Plant biotechnology journal · 2026Review
- Integrating Microorganism-Based Therapy and Emerging Biotechnology in the Treatment of Intracranial Central Nervous System Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Brain-targeting drug delivery systems: The state of the art in treatment of glioblastoma.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Production of Plant Virus-Derived Hybrid Nanoparticles Decorated with Different Nanobodies.ACS nano · 2024Article
- An Update on the Clinical Status, Challenges, and Future Directions of Oncolytic Virotherapy for Malignant Gliomas.Current treatment options in oncology · 2024Review
- Getting Hold of the Tobamovirus Particle-Why and How? Purification Routes over Time and a New Customizable Approach.Viruses · 2024Review
- Surface Cross-Linking by Macromolecular Tethers Enhances Virus-like Particles' Resilience to Mucosal Stress Factors.ACS nano · 2024Article
- Virus-like particle encapsulation of functional proteins: advances and applications.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Virus-Based Biological Systems as Next-Generation Carriers for the Therapy of Central Nervous System Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Targeted Enzymatic VLP-Nanoreactors with β-Glucocerebrosidase Activity as Potential Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Gaucher's Disease.ChemMedChem · 2022Article
- Virus-like Particles as Nanocarriers for Intracellular Delivery of Biomolecules and Compounds.Viruses · 2022Review
- Production of Potyvirus-Derived Nanoparticles Decorated with a Nanobody in Biofactory Plants.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of Cell Entry by dsRNA Viruses: Insights for Efficient Delivery of dsRNA and Tools for Improved RNAi-Based Pest Control.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The side effects of chemotherapy can be reduced by targeting tumor cells with an enzyme (or the corresponding gene) that converts a nontoxic prodrug into a toxic drug inside the tumor cells, also killing the surrounding tumor cells via the bystander effect. Viruses are the most efficient gene delivery vehicles because they have evolved to transfer their own nucleic acids into cells, but their efficiency must be balanced against the risks of infection, the immunogenicity of nucleic acids, and the potential for genomic integration. We therefore tested the effectiveness of genome-free virus-like particles (VLPs) for the delivery of Herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK), the most common enzyme used in prodrug conversion therapy. HSV1-TK is typically delivered as a gene, but in the context of VLPs, it must be delivered as a protein. We constructed VLPs and smaller core-like particles (CLPs) based on Bluetongue virus, with HSV1-TK fused to the inner capsid protein VP3. TK-CLPs and TK-VLPs could be produced in large quantities in plants. The TK-VLPs killed human glioblastoma cells efficiently in the presence of ganciclovir, with an IC
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.