ArticleMarine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.)2021
Photosynthetically Controlled Spirulina, but Not Solar Spirulina, Inhibits TNF-α Secretion: Potential Implications for COVID-19-Related Cytokine Storm Therapy.
Article in Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Spirulina supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Trial
- Spirulina Unveiled: A Comprehensive Review on Biotechnological Innovations, Nutritional Proficiency, and Clinical Implications.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Review
- Strategies for the Management of Spike Protein-Related Pathology.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Microalgae-Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2023Review
- The Potential Role of Iceland in Northern Europe's Protein Self-Sufficiency: Feasibility Study of Large-Scale Production of Spirulina in a Novel Energy-Food System.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Microalgae as an Efficient Vehicle for the Production and Targeted Delivery of Therapeutic Glycoproteins against SARS-CoV-2 Variants.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Environmental Impacts of Large-Scale Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) Production in Hellisheidi Geothermal Park Iceland: Life Cycle Assessment.Marine biotechnology (New York, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Therapeutic activity of fucoidan and carrageenan as marine algal polysaccharides against viruses.3 Biotech · 2022Review
- Wide Range Applications of Spirulina: From Earth to Space Missions.Marine drugs · 2022Review
- Can algae contribute to the war with Covid-19?Bioengineered · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An array of infections, including the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), trigger macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and subsequently hypercytokinemia, commonly referred to as a cytokine storm (CS). It is postulated that CS is mainly responsible for critical COVID-19 cases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recognizing the therapeutic potential of Spirulina blue-green algae (Arthrospira platensis), in this in vitro stimulation study, LPS-activated macrophages and monocytes were treated with aqueous extracts of Spirulina, cultivated in either natural or controlled light conditions. We report that an extract of photosynthetically controlled Spirulina (LED Spirulina), at a concentration of 0.1 µg/mL, decreases macrophage and monocyte-induced TNF-α secretion levels by over 70% and 40%, respectively. We propose prompt in vivo studies in animal models and human subjects to determine the putative effectiveness of a natural, algae-based treatment for viral CS and ARDS, and explore the potential of a novel anti-TNF-α therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.