Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33566198›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of microbiology & biotechnology2021

Unravelling Toxoplasma treatment: conventional drugs toward nanomedicine.

Sanaz Jafarpour Azami, Hanieh Mohammad Rahimi, Hamed Mirjalali, Mohammad Reza Zali

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Anti-Advanced biomedical research · 2026
    Article
  2. Cerebral toxoplasmosis: Parasitology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention - a narrative review.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Anti-Food science & nutrition · 2024
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Nanoemulsion of Spiramycin against Tachyzoites ofIranian journal of public health · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sanaz Jafarpour AzamiFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hanieh Mohammad RahimiFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Hamed MirjalaliFoodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. hamed_mirjalali@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2568-9022
Mohammad Reza ZaliGastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences · IR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a worldwide protozoan parasite that infects almost all warm-blooded animals. Although human toxoplasmosis is mostly latent, pregnant women and immunocompromised patients need effective treatment. There are drugs of choice for treatment of toxoplasmosis; however, due to their side effects and/or their disease stage-specificity, prescription of them is limited. During recent years, nanomedicine has been employed to overcome limitations of conventional drugs. Here, we provided a state-of-the-art review of experimental toxoplasmosis treatment using nanotechnology.

Indexed as

NanomedicineAnimalsDrug Delivery SystemsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsHumansPharmaceutical PreparationsToxoplasmaToxoplasmosisTreatment OutcomeZoonosesPharmaceutical PreparationsAcute toxoplasmosisChronic toxoplasmosisConventional therapyNanomedicineToxoplasma gondiiTreatment

Identifiers

PMID33566198
OpenAlexW3127515811

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.