ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2021
Availability of medical cannabis dispensaries and cannabis abuse/dependence-related hospitalizations in California.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of Cannabis and Tobacco Use With Suicide Attempt, Suicide Death, and Overdose Death Among Veterans Prescribed Opioid Analgesics.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Unequal access: cross-sectional associations of deprivation, racial composition and independent and joint cannabis and alcohol outlet densities among Michigan census block groups.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Interactive associations of cannabis and alcohol outlet densities with assault injuries in California: a spatiotemporal analysis.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Cannabis Dispensary Density, Proximity, and Attitudes Toward Medical Cannabis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The association between physical availability of cannabis retail outlets and frequent cannabis use and related health harms: a systematic review.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2024Review
- Density of cannabis outletsPeerJ · 2024Article
- Alignment in local approaches to alcohol and cannabis control policy: A case study of California cities and counties.The International journal on drug policy · 2023Article
- Associations of recreational cannabis dispensaries' availability, storefront signage and health benefit signs with cannabis use: findings from a representative adult sample in California, United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Seeing is believing: How cannabis marketing exposure is associated with cannabis use attitudes and behavior in a permissive medical cannabis policy environment.The American journal on addictions · 2023Article
- Cannabis positivity rates in 17 emergency departments across the United States with varying degrees of marijuana legalization.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2023Article
- Population and Neighborhood Correlates of Cannabis Dispensary Locations in Oklahoma.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2023Article
- The evolving culture of medical cannabis in Canada for the management of chronic pain.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Accuracy Differences in Cannabis Retailer Information Ascertained from Webservices and Government-Maintained State Registries Across US States Legalizing the Sale of Cannabis in 2019.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2023Article
- Article
- Demographic factors that impact attitudes toward medical cannabis.PEC innovation · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsTo estimate associations between both current- and prior-year medical cannabis dispensary densities and hospitalizations for cannabis use disorder in California, USA between 2013 and 2016.
designSpatial analysis of ZIP code-level hospitalization discharge data using Bayesian Poisson hierarchical space-time models over 4 years. SETTING AND CASES: California, USA from 2013 to 2016 (6832 space-time ZIP code units). MEASUREMENTS: We assessed associations of annual hospitalizations for cannabis use disorder [assignment of a primary or secondary code for cannabis abuse and/or dependence using ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM (outcome)] with the total number of medical cannabis dispensaries per square mile in a ZIP code as well as dispensary temporal and spatial lags (primary exposures). Other exposure covariates included alcohol outlet densities, manual labor and retail sales densities and ZIP code-level economic and demographic conditions.
findingsOne additional dispensary per square mile was associated with a median risk ratio of 1.021 (95% credible interval 1.001, 1.041). Prior-year dispensary density did not appear to be associated with hospitalizations (median risk ratio = 1.006, 95% CrI = 0.986, 1.026). Higher median household income, higher unemployment, greater off-premises alcohol outlet density and lower on-premises alcohol outlet density and poverty were all associated with decreased ZIP code-level risk of cannabis abuse/dependence hospitalizations.
conclusionsIn California, USA, the increasing density of medical cannabis dispensaries appears to be positively associated with same-year but not next-year hospitalizations for cannabis use disorder.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.