ArticleFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology2021
Sperm proteins and cancer-testis antigens are released by the seminiferous tubules in mice and men.
Article in FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Aging Male Reproductive System: Progresses and Perspectives.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Sertoli cells as a hub in testicular development and male reproductive.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Proteomic biomarkers in seminal plasma as predictors of reproductive potential in azoospermic men.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Complementing Testicular Immune Regulation: The Relationship between Sertoli Cells, Complement, and the Immune Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Article
- The changing landscape of immune cells in the fetal mouse testis.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2022Article
- Strategies for successful designing of immunocontraceptive vaccines and recent updates in vaccine development against sexually transmitted infections - A review.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Review
- Exposed and Sequestered Antigens in Testes and Their Protection by Regulatory T Cell-Dependent Systemic Tolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Editorial: The immunology of the male genital tract.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Hijacking Sexual Immuno-Privilege in GBM-An Immuno-Evasion Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Sperm proteins and cancer-testis antigens are released by the seminiferous tubules in mice and men.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Identification of differentially expressed genes in human testis biopsies with defective spermatogenesis.Reproductive medicine and biologyArticle
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2021
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sperm develop from puberty in the seminiferous tubules, inside the blood-testis barrier to prevent their recognition as "non-self" by the immune system, and it is widely assumed that human sperm-specific proteins cannot access the circulatory or immune systems. Sperm-specific proteins aberrantly expressed in cancer, known as cancer-testis antigens (CTAs), are often pursued as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on the assumption they are neoantigens absent from the circulation in healthy men. Here, we identify a wide range of germ cell-derived and sperm-specific proteins, including multiple CTAs, that are selectively deposited by the Sertoli cells of the adult mouse and human seminiferous tubules into testicular interstitial fluid (TIF) that is "outside" the blood-testis barrier. From TIF, the proteins can access the circulatory- and immune systems. Disruption of spermatogenesis decreases the abundance of these proteins in mouse TIF, and a sperm-specific CTA is significantly decreased in TIF from infertile men, suggesting that exposure of certain CTAs to the immune system could depend on fertility status. The results provide a rationale for the development of blood-based tests useful in the management of male infertility and indicate CTA candidates for cancer immunotherapy and biomarker development that could show sex-specific and male-fertility-related responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.