ArticleAndrologia2021
Radiological patterns of incidental epididymitis in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients revealed by colour Doppler ultrasound.
Article in Andrologia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Urological complications of COVID-19: a systematic review.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyPooled it
- Chronic scrotal content pain and viral orchiepididymitis: an overlooked hypothesis linking infection and Wallerian degeneration.Basic and clinical andrology · 2026Review
- Update on andrological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19: An overview review.Andrology · 2025Review
- Effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on sperm telomere length.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- A comparative study of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on semen quality based on a nationwide relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions in China at the end of 2022.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- COVID-19 and Oncofertility: No SARS-CoV-2 in Semen but Inflammation Seems to Affect Sperm Parameters.Journal of medical virology · 2024Article
- Systematic analyses of the factors influencing sperm quality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on sperm parameters and sex hormones.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and male fertility: short- and long-term impacts of asymptomatic vs. symptomatic infection on male reproductive potential.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 and male infertility: from short- to long-term impacts.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Review
- Viruses, bacteria and parasites: infection of the male genital tract and fertility.Basic and clinical andrology · 2023Review
- Effect of COVID-19 on sperm parameters: pathologic alterations and underlying mechanisms.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Review
- ACE2 in male genitourinary and endocrine systems: Does COVID-19 really affect these systems?Histology and histopathology · 2023Review
- ACE2 in male genitourinary and endocrine systems: Does COVID-19 really affect these systems?Histology and histopathology · 2023Review
- Updates in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection in male reproductive and sexual health: a literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- COVID-19 and priapism: An unexplored association.Current urology · 2022Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic - what have urologists learned?Nature reviews. Urology · 2022Review
- Review
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein is Associated With Lower Testosterone Levels: An Experimental Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The testis is a potential target organ for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study intended to investigate any testicular involvement in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 men. We conduct a cross-sectional study in 18 to 55-year-old men hospitalised for confirmed COVID-19. A senior radiologist executed the ultrasound with multi-frequency linear probe in all participants, regardless of any scrotal complaints. Exclusion criteria involved any situation that could impair testicular function. Statistical analysis compared independent groups, classified by any pathological change. Categorical and numerical outcome hypotheses were tested by Fisher's Exact and Mann-Whitney tests, using the Excel for Mac, version 16.29 (p < .05). The sample size was 26 men (mean 33.7 ± 6.2 years; range: 21-42 years), all without scrotal complaints. No orchitis was seen. Eleven men (32.6 ± 5.8 years) had epididymitis (42.3%), bilateral in 19.2%. More than half of men with epididymitis displayed epididymal head augmentation > 1.2 cm (p = .002). Two distinct epididymitis' patterns were reported: (a) disseminated micro-abscesses (n = 6) and (b) inhomogeneous echogenicity with reactional hydrocele (n = 5). Both patterns revealed increased epididymal head, augmented Doppler flow and scrotal skin thickening. The use of colour Doppler ultrasound in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 men, even in the absence of testicular complaints, might be useful to diagnose epididymitis that could elicit fertility complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.