ReviewAPL bioengineering2021
The rheology of direct and suspended extrusion bioprinting.
Review in APL bioengineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Candidate Bioinks for Extrusion 3D Bioprinting-A Systematic Review of the Literature.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Pooled it
- Bio-inks with PRF Increase Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line (SaOS-2) Viability in Extrusion-Based 3D-Bioprinted Constructs.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Advances in 3D Bioprinting for Scaffold-Based and Scaffold-Free Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Liquid Crystal Elastomers Filaments for Adaptive Textiles and Soft Robotics: A Processing-Centric Review.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Review
- A 25-Year Review of the Use of Silanized Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Review
- Emerging Nano Bioinks in Bioprinting: Functional Materials, Engineering Strategies, and Biomedical Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Computational approaches in bioprinting processes.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026Article
- Development of Acellular Matrix-Based Bioprinted Scaffold for Inferior Alveolar Nerve Regeneration.ACS omega · 2026Article
- High-yield cell-derived extracellular matrix bioink via macromolecular crowding for versatile 3D bioprinting.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Volumetric Control vs. Pneumatic Pressure: A Comparative Analysis of Extrusion in 3D Bioprinting.Micromachines · 2026Article
- Data-Driven Printability Modeling of Hydrogels for Precise Direct Ink Writing Based on Rheological Properties.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Crosslinker-Free, Printable Alginate-Boronic Acid Hydrogel Adhesive with Enhanced Mechanical Performance for Soft Tissue Fixation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Synthesis and Characterization of a Marine Collagen-Chitosan/HA-SiOGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Collagen-Inducing Compounds from Chihuahuan Desert Plants for Potential Skin Bioink 3D Printing Applications: A Narrative Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Review
- 3D Bioprinted Natural Hydrogels: Rheological Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and Printability Assessment of a Polysaccharide-Based Bioink.ACS omega · 2026Article
- An asymptotic slender-body model for predicting print resolution in extrusion-based bioprinting.Journal of engineering mathematics · 2026Article
- Article
- Additive-free hyaluronic acid-based bioink for 3D bioprinting of bone marrow microenvironments.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Tailoring agarose fluid gels for use in suspension bath bioprinting and culture of spheroid-based bioinks.Biofabrication · 2025Article
- Review
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bioprinting is a tool increasingly used in tissue engineering laboratories around the world. As an extension to classic tissue engineering, it enables high levels of control over the spatial deposition of cells, materials, and other factors. It is a field with huge promise for the production of implantable tissues and even organs, but the availability of functional bioinks is a barrier to success. Extrusion bioprinting is the most commonly used technique, where high-viscosity solutions of materials and cells are required to ensure good shape fidelity of the printed tissue construct. This is contradictory to hydrogels used in tissue engineering, which are generally of low viscosity prior to cross-linking to ensure cell viability, making them not directly translatable to bioprinting. This review provides an overview of the important rheological parameters for bioinks and methods to assess printability, as well as the effect of bioink rheology on cell viability. Developments over the last five years in bioink formulations and the use of suspended printing to overcome rheological limitations are then discussed.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.