ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2021
Breast Reconstruction Using the Lateral Thoracic, Thoracodorsal, and Intercostal Arteries Perforator Flaps.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Versatility of Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flaps in Partial Breast Reconstruction: First National Experience of Peru.European journal of breast health · 2026Article
- Computed Tomographic Angiography-guided Zero-COPlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Lateral perforator flap: A surgically and oncologically safe method for patients with breast cancer.JPRAS open · 2026Article
- Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for Axillary Breast Reconstruction in a Previously Irradiated and Dissected Field.Indian journal of plastic surgery : official publication of the Association of Plastic Surgeons of India · 2026Article
- Breast cancer-related lymphedema of the upper limb: integrating early surveillance and functional surgery into a synergistic management paradigm.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- The anterior intercostal artery perforator flap in immediate oncoplastic breast reconstruction: current applications and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- The Combination of Chest Wall Perforator Flaps and Surgeon-Performed Breast Ultrasound: An Effective Synergy to Expand the Boundaries of Breast-Conserving Surgery.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Optimizing Outcomes in Oncoplastic Breast-Conserving Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Immediate Breast Reconstruction with Fat-Graft-Augmented ICAP Flaps.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reply to Comment to: A Three-Dimensional Approach to Male Chest Enhancement: A Surgical Algorithm Based on 300 Cases.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- The Adipofascial Lateral Intercostal Perforator Flap in Partial Breast Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Lateral Intercostal Artery Perforator Flap for Enhanced Aesthetic Outcomes in Breast-Conserving Surgery.Cureus · 2025Article
- Current status of autologous breast reconstruction in Argentina.Gland surgery · 2024Review
- Combining Wise-pattern Volume Displacement and Autologous Volume Replacement to Facilitate Oncoplastic Breast Conservation.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Application of a modified lateral thoracic artery perforator flap in partial breast defects.Gland surgery · 2024Article
- Practical oncoplastic surgery techniques needed for practice.Annals of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Pushing the Boundaries of Pedicled Chest Wall Perforator Flaps in Oncoplastic Breast Surgery.Cureus · 2023Article
- Partial breast reconstruction of 30 cases with peri-mammary artery perforator flaps.BMC surgery · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast-conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy represents the standard of care for early-stage breast cancer. The aim of this article was to provide a review of the literature about the use of the lateral thoracic artery perforator (LTAP) flap, the lateral thoracodorsal (LTD) flap, and the lateral intercostal artery perforator (LICAP) flap in lateral partial breast defect.
methodsA literature search was performed via PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane. Patient's characteristics, topography and size of breast defect, flap size and design, number of perforators, and operative time were analyzed. Aesthetic and patient-reported outcomes, postoperative complications, and donor site morbidity were also registered.
resultsThirteen articles fulfilled inclusion criteria, and 432 patients were included. Different flap designs and flap combinations were described. Satisfactory outcomes were reported for between 78% and 100% of cases. Patient satisfaction ranged from 75.8% to 92.5% of cases. The overall complication rate was 9.25%, and donor site morbidity was very low (3.7%).
conclusionsA distinct advantage of LTAP, LTD, and LICAP flap reconstruction is that the thoracodorsal pedicle is not sacrificed, not compromising eventual delayed breast reconstruction with TDAP or latissimus dorsi flaps. This staged approach to partial breast reconstruction is especially useful in cases where the oncological margins are uncertain and wider resections (or mastectomies) are secondly required.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.