ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2021
Psychotropic and pain medication use in individuals with traumatic brain injury-a Swedish total population cohort study of 240 000 persons.
Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors for Headache After Elective Cranial Neurosurgery: Results from a Systematic Review of Efficacy of Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors for Headache After Acute Brain Injury.Neurocritical care · 2025Pooled it
- Trends in the use of opioid and non-opioid analgesics after TBI with and without polytrauma.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors for Headache in Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.Research square · 2024Article
- Medication utilization in traumatic brain injury patients-insights from a population-based matched cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Association of Traumatic Brain Injury With the Risk of Developing Chronic Cardiovascular, Endocrine, Neurological, and Psychiatric Disorders.JAMA network open · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine psychotropic and pain medication use in a population-based cohort of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and compare them with controls from similar backgrounds.
methodsWe assessed Swedish nationwide registers to include all individuals diagnosed with incident TBI between 2006 and 2012 in hospitals or specialist outpatient care. Full siblings never diagnosed with TBI acted as controls. We examined dispensed prescriptions for psychotropic and pain medications for the 12 months before and after the TBI.
resultsWe identified 239 425 individuals with incident TBI, and 199 658 unaffected sibling controls. In the TBI cohort, 36.6% had collected at least one prescription for a psychotropic or pain medication in the 12 months before the TBI. In the 12 months after, medication use increased to 45.0%, an absolute rate increase of 8.4% (p<0.001). The largest post-TBI increases were found for opioids (from 16.3% to 21.6%, p<0.001), and non-opioid pain medications (from 20.3% to 26.6%, p<0.001). The majority of prescriptions were short-term; 20.6% of those prescribed opioids and 37.3% of those with benzodiazepines collected prescriptions for more than 6 months. Increased odds of any psychotropic or pain medication were associated with individuals before (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.59 to 1.65), and after the TBI (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 2.26 to 2.34) as compared with sibling controls, and ORs were consistently increased for all medication classes.
conclusionHigh rates of psychotropic and pain medications after a TBI suggest that medical follow-up should be routine and review medication use.
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