Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33563739›Full record

ArticleSaudi medical journal2021

Synergistic efficacies of thymoquinone and standard antibiotics against multi-drug resistant isolates.

Ayed A Dera, Irfan Ahmad, Prasanna Rajagopalan, Mesfer Al Shahrani, Ahmed Saif, Mohammad Y Alshahrani, Yasser Alraey, Ahmad M Alamri, Sultan Alasmari, Mohammed Makkawi and 5 more

Open access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi medical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Exploring the Multifaceted Phytochemical Profile ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026
    Article
  6. Targeting Oral Pathogens withAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Thymoquinone/β-Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Ayed A DeraFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Irfan AhmadFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Prasanna RajagopalanFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mesfer Al ShahraniFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed SaifFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad Y AlshahraniFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Yasser AlraeyFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ahmad M AlamriFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Sultan AlasmariFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed MakkawiFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ali G AlkhathamiFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Gaffar ZamanFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahim HakamiFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Razan AlhefziFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohammad A AlfhiliFrom the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (Dera, Ahmad, Rajagopalan, Al Shahrani, Alshahrani, Alraey, Alamri, Alasmari, Makkawi, Alkhathami, Zaman, Hakami, Alhefzi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, and From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Central Research Laboratory (AlAmri), College of Applied Medical Sciences, and Cancer Research Unit, King Khalid University, Abha; from the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Saif), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran; and the Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences (Alfhili), College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Najran University · SAKing Khalid University · SA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo explore the antibacterial activity of thymoquinone (TQ), a quinone extracted from

methodsThis study was conducted from May 2019 to March 2020 at the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. The antimicrobial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of TQ were determined using an agar well diffusion method and broth microdilution assays, and the synergistic effect was evaluated using antibiotics in parallel. The disruptive effect of TQ on bacterial cell membranes was determined using scanning electron microscopy. The antivirulence properties of TQ, which include adherence and biofilm formation, were also investigated using adherence and biofilm formation assays, respectively.

resultsThymoquinone demonstrated bactericidal efficacy against 4/14 bacterial strains, with MIC range of 1.04-8.3 µg/mL and and MBC range of 10.41-66.66 µg/mL. Thymoquinone showed synergism against

conclusionThe combinatory effect of TQ with antimicrobials should be considered when developing new antimicrobial therapy regimens to overcome multidrug-resistant.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBenzoquinonesPharmaceutical PreparationsBiofilmsMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSaudi ArabiaAnti-Bacterial AgentsBenzoquinonesPharmaceutical Preparationsthymoquinoneadhesionantibacterialbiofilm formationsynergismthymoquinone

Identifiers

PMID33563739
PMCPMC7989283
OpenAlexW3127299495

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.