ArticleBMC women's health2021
Effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels: a single group clinical trial.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Can exposure to chemical products be reduced during pregnancy?BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- The effect of computer-based Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) approach on the pelvic pain, depression, and anxiety in students with primary dysmenorrhea: a clinical trial study.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- Comparison of the Effects of Plastic-Free Diet, Plastic-Free Diet Education and Exposure Feedback on Urinary Bisphenol: A Levels in Adolescents.The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses · 2026Article
- Adolescent personal care product use and social media engagement: a pilot study in NJ high school students.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Effects of a Virtual Reality Intervention on Women's Menstrual Problems Related to Endocrine Disruptors: A Randomized Controlled Repeated-Measures Pilot Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Fetal Weight: Exposure Monitoring Among Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Fetuses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Endocrine Disruptors in Child Obesity and Related Disorders: Early Critical Windows of Exposure.Current nutrition reports · 2025Review
- Hair care product use among pregnant women of color: protocol for a feasibility educational intervention.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Effects of Behavioral, Clinical, and Policy Interventions in Reducing Human Exposure to Bisphenols and Phthalates: A Scoping Review.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- How do mothers with young children perceive endocrine-disrupting chemicals?: an exploratory qualitative study.Korean journal of women health nursing · 2023Article
- Interventions to Reduce Exposure to Synthetic Phenols and Phthalates from Dietary Intake and Personal Care Products: a Scoping Review.Current environmental health reports · 2023Article
- Reproductive toxicity of combined effects of endocrine disruptors on human reproduction.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Lifestyle interventions to reduce endocrine-disrupting phthalate and phenol exposures among reproductive age men and women: A review and future steps.Environment international · 2022Review
- Interventions on Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Human Health Care Context: A Scoping Review.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2022Article
- Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Premenstrual Syndrome in Female College Students in East Asia: A Multi-Country Study.International journal of women's health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundExposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) occurs mainly through dietary intake. Due to current lifestyle trends, young people tend to consume fast food, to use disposable products, and to utilize convenient household items, all of which are major sources of EDCs. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a dietary modification intervention on menstrual pain and urinary bisphenol A (BPA) levels throughout three menstrual cycles in female college students who experienced severe menstrual pain. We also analyzed participants' adherence to the intervention and examined whether their level of adherence was associated with differences in the effects of the intervention.
methodsA single-group pretest and repeated posttest experimental design was employed. Thirty female college students with a score of 5 or higher on a menstrual pain scale were recruited through convenience sampling. During three menstrual cycles, menstrual pain was scored on a 10-point scale after each cycle, and urinary BPA levels were measured from the first morning urine collected after each cycle. The intervention involved three components: small-group education, follow-up monitoring, and peer support via social network communication. Statistical analyses were conducted using Friedman one-way repeated-measure analysis of variance by ranks, non-parametric two-way analysis of variance, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as a post-hoc test.
resultsThe dietary modification intervention had significant effects on menstrual pain at all three time points of menstrual cycles (χ
conclusionsThe dietary modification intervention was effective and sustainable for reducing menstrual pain and urinary BPA levels. Detailed information about EDCs and dietary experiences seemed to encourage the young women to become more concerned about EDCs and to perform self-protective actions. Further experimental research is suggested to examine the relationships of EDCs with various health indicators in women.
trial registrationKCT0005472 at 2020-9-24 retrospectively registered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.