ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Multicellular 3D Models to Study Tumour-Stroma Interactions.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fluorescently engineered KRAS-mutant organoids as versatile tools for in vitro and in vivo cancer modeling.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Theranostic vNAR-Based Immunoconjugates Achieve Selective Intracellular Cisplatin Delivery in Embedded 3D HER2-Positive Breast Cancer In Vitro Model.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Exploring bone-tumor interactions through 3DJournal of bone oncology · 2025Review
- MO-2097 inhibits EMT and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer by targeting RAF/MEK/ERK signaling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Alginate-Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffold Model for Hypoxia Induction in Glioblastoma Embedded Spheroids.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advances and Challenges in 3D Bioprinted Cancer Models: Opportunities for Personalized Medicine and Tissue Engineering.Polymers · 2025Review
- Effects of hydrogel stiffness and viscoelasticity on organoid culture: a comprehensive review.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- Facilitation of Tumor Stroma-Targeted Therapy: Model Difficulty and Co-Culture Organoid Method.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multicompartmentalized Microvascularized Tumor-on-a-Chip to Study Tumor-Stroma Interactions and Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2024Article
- Caspase-9 suppresses metastatic behavior of MDA-MB-231 cells in an adaptive organoid model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- DCM-Spheroid Morphs Express PADs and Citrullinated Cytoskeletal Proteins.The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society · 2024Article
- Utility of 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner in the Management of Small Sample Sizes Driven from 3D Breast Cell Culture.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Understanding glioblastoma stromal barriers against NK cell attack using tri-culture 3D spheroid model.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Organoids: An Emerging Precision Medicine Model for Prostate Cancer Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Role of Intracellular Potassium in Cell Quiescence, Proliferation, and Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Hybrid-integrated devices for mimicking malignant brain tumors ("tumor-on-a-chip") forFrontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Three-Dimensional Cell Culture: Ion Homeostasis and Ouabain-Induced Apoptosis.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Three-Dimensional (3D) in vitro cell culture protocols to enhance glioblastoma research.PloS one · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures have been the standard for many different applications, ranging from basic research to stem cell and cancer research to regenerative medicine, for most of the past century. Hence, almost all of our knowledge about fundamental biological processes has been provided by primary and established cell lines cultured in 2D monolayer. However, cells in tissues and organs do not exist as single entities, and life in multicellular organisms relies on the coordination of several cellular activities, which depend on cell-cell communication across different cell types and tissues. In addition, cells are embedded within a complex non-cellular structure known as the extracellular matrix (ECM), which anchors them in a three-dimensional (3D) formation. Likewise, tumour cells interact with their surrounding matrix and tissue, and the physical and biochemical properties of this microenvironment regulate cancer differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. 2D models are unable to mimic the complex and dynamic interactions of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and ignore spatial cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions. Thus, multicellular 3D models are excellent tools to recapitulate in vitro the spatial dimension, cellular heterogeneity, and molecular networks of the TME. This review summarizes the biological significance of the cell-ECM and cell-cell interactions in the onset and progression of tumours and focuses on the requirement for these interactions to build up representative in vitro models for the study of the pathophysiology of cancer and for the design of more clinically relevant treatments.
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Registered trials
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