ReviewCancers2021
Recent Advancements in the Mechanisms Underlying Resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Immunotherapy.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 1/2 study of INCAGN01876, an anti-glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor agonist monoclonal antibody, plus immunotherapy for advanced cancers.The oncologist · 2026Trial
- First-in-Human Phase I/II Study of INCAGN01876, a Glucocorticoid-Induced Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Agonist, in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Biomarker-directed targeted therapy plus durvalumab in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase 2 umbrella trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Review
- EBV hijacks the metabolic function of CD73 to resist the antitumor function of NK cells.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy retreatment with serplulimab vs. chemotherapy in extensive-stage advanced small cell lung cancer.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Bioinformatics mining and clinical validation of CD274 as a prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- IL-15 promotes immune escape, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer by upregulating PD-L1 expression via the JAK1/STAT1/IRF1 pathway.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Bifidobacterium breve inhibits colorectal cancer via extracellular vesicles containing formate acetyltransferase.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Ubenimex synergizes with the PD-L1 blockade in gastric cancer by competitively binding LAP3 with UBE3A.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Harnessing tumor immune checkpoints for autoimmune disease therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Non-coding RNAs related to PD1/PD-L1 signaling with potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value in the tumorigenesis of brain cancers.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026Review
- CXCL12 deficiency promotes colorectal cancer progression and reduces anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy efficacy through MDSC regulation.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- BFAR Promotes Neutrophil Infiltration and Immunosuppressive Reprogramming through the PRP19-YBX1 Axis to Induce Immune Evasion in Gastric Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- A Bifunctional Anti-PD-1/TGF-β Fusion Antibody Restores Antitumour Immunity and Remodels the Tumour Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and blocking PD-L1 via engineered outer membrane vesicles to enhance T cell infiltration and cytotoxic functions.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- First-in-human phase I open-label study of the LAG-3 antagonist antibody INCAGN02385 in patients with select advanced or metastatic solid tumors.The oncologist · 2025Article
- First-in-human phase I open-label study of the anti-TIM-3 monoclonal antibody INCAGN02390 in patients with select advanced or metastatic solid tumors.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Impact of PD‑L1 upregulation on immune checkpoint inhibitor efficacy in triple‑negative breast cancer using a 4T1 murine model.International journal of oncology · 2025Article
- CD38 contributes to tumor progression and tumor microenvironment reshaping in epithelial ovarian cancer.Translational oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Release of immunoreactive negative regulatory factors such as immune checkpoint limits antitumor responses. PD-L1 as a significant immunosuppressive factor has been involved in resistance to therapies such as chemotherapy and target therapy in various cancers. Via interacting with PD-1, PD-L1 can regulate other factors or lead to immune evasion of cancer cells. Besides, immune checkpoint blockade targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has promising therapeutic efficacy in the different tumors, but a significant percentage of patients cannot benefit from this therapy due to primary and acquired resistance during treatment. In this review, we described the utility of PD-L1 expression levels for predicting poor prognosis in some tumors and present evidence for a role of PD-L1 in resistance to therapies through PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and other correlating signaling pathways. Afterwards, we elaborate the key mechanisms underlying resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, promising combination of therapeutic strategies for patients resistant to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy or other therapies associated with PD-L1 expression was also summarized.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.