ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Systemic Delivery of hGhrelin Derivative by Lyophilizate for Dry Powder Inhalation System in Monkeys.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Ghrelin Hormone on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review of the Existing Literature.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Pulmonary Drug Delivery for Infectious Diseases: Cutting-Edge Formulations and Manufacturing Technologies.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Research Progress on Liposome Pulmonary Delivery ofJournal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2024Review
- Radiolabeling Method for Lyophilizate for Dry Powder Inhalation Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Optimization of Very Low-Dose Formulation of Vitamin D3 with Lyophilizate for Dry Powder Inhalation System by Simple Method Based on Time-of-Flight Theory.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ghrelin is the peptide that increases the hunger sensation and food intake and is expected to be clinically applied for treatment of diseases such as cachexia and anorexia nervosa. In the clinical application of ghrelin, injections are problematic in that they are invasive and inconvenient. Thus, we aimed to develop a formulation that can eliminate the need for injections and can be applied clinically. We prepared formulations of an hGhrelin derivative, in which the octanoyl group essential for expression of activity is modified to avoid rapid des-acylation, using lyophilizate for a dry powder inhalation (LDPI) system. The formulation of hGhrelin derivative was optimized by the addition of phenylalanine, of which the fine particle fraction of 5 µm or less was 41.7 ± 3.8%. We also performed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic tests in monkeys using the optimum formulation that can be applied clinically. The absolute bioavailability of inhaled hGhrelin derivative with respect to that intravenously injected was 16.9 ± 2.6%. An increase in growth hormone was shown as an effect of the inhaled hGhrelin derivative similar to intravenous injection. The LDPI formulation can deliver the hGhrelin derivative systemically, and it is expected to be applied clinically as a substitute for injections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.