ArticleVaccines2021
Localized and Systemic Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Following Mucosal Immunization.
Article in Vaccines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal vaccine combining adenovirus and trimeric subunit protein provides superior immunity against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Crosstalk betweenFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Immunogenicity ofVaccines · 2025Article
- Applications of Chitosan in Prevention and Treatment Strategies of Infectious Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- A T cell-targeted multi-antigen vaccine generates robust cellular and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- The role of cross-reactive immunity to emerging coronaviruses: Implications for novel universal mucosal vaccine design.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- A DNA Prime and MVA Boost Strategy Provides a Robust Immunity against Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Chickens.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Respiratory mucosal vaccination of peptide-poloxamine-DNA nanoparticles provides complete protection against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge.Biomaterials · 2023Article
- Evaluation of the humoral and mucosal immune response of a multiepitope vaccine against COVID-19 in pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Optimized vaccine candidate MVA-S(3P) fully protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Has Deleterious Effects on Mycobacterium bovis BCG Immunity and Promotes Dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Towards novel nano-based vaccine platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern: Advances, challenges and limitations.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2022Review
- Systemic Neutralizing Antibodies and Local Immune Responses Are Critical for the Control of SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2022Article
- Single-dose replicating poxvirus vector-based RBD vaccine drives robust humoral and T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2022Article
- Oral and intranasal vaccines against SARS-CoV-2: Current progress, prospects, advantages, and challenges.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Review
- Nasal Nanovaccines for SARS-CoV-2 to Address COVID-19.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Intranasal COVID-19 vaccines: From bench to bed.EBioMedicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 IgA neutralising antibody responses in convalescent plasma.Clinical & translational immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the USA and worldwide necessitates the development of multiple vaccines to combat the COVID-19 global pandemic. Previously, we showed that a particulate adjuvant system, quil-A-loaded chitosan (QAC) nanoparticles, can elicit robust immunity combined with plasmid vaccines when used against avian coronavirus. Here, we report on the immune responses elicited by mucosal homologous plasmid and a heterologous immunization strategy using a plasmid vaccine and a Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) antigens. Only the heterologous intranasal immunization strategy elicited neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage of mice, suggesting a protective vaccine. The same prime/boost strategy led to the induction of type 1 and type 17 T-cell responses and polyfunctional T-cells expressing multiple type 1 cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ, TNFα, IL-2) in the lungs and spleens of vaccinated mice. In contrast, the plasmid homologous vaccine strategy led to the induction of local mono and polyfunctional T-cells secreting IFN-γ. Outcomes of this study support the potential of QAC-nano vaccines to elicit significant mucosal immune responses against respiratory coronaviruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.