ArticleMolecular cell2021
An intrinsically disordered region-mediated confinement state contributes to the dynamics and function of transcription factors.
Article in Molecular cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed.
- A transcription factor by any other name - function beyond DNA binding and transactivation.EMBO reports · 2026Review
- Autoinhibition of untimely DNA binding by structural disorder in the full-length peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spatially resolved profiling of steroid nuclear receptors reveals a role for the disordered N-terminal domains in genome targeting and AP-1 interaction.Genome research · 2026Article
- Pioneer-factor activity requires stable chromatin occupancy mediated by both sequence-specific binding and disordered protein domains.Science advances · 2026Article
- Optimized optogenetic anti-CRISPR for endogenous gene regulation in Drosophila.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Clocks on steroids: how glucocorticoid receptors tell cells the time.The Journal of endocrinology · 2026Review
- Live-cell single-molecule dynamics of eukaryotic RNA polymerase machineries.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- QuantiTrack: A unified software to study protein dynamics in living cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Electrostatic properties of disordered regions control transcription factor search and pioneer activity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Deregulated enhancer-promoter communication in cancer through altered nuclear architecture.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- Basis for lineage-determining pioneer factors targeting distinct repressed chromatin states.Science advances · 2026Article
- Two distinct chromatin modules regulate proinflammatory gene expression.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Intrinsically disordered regions facilitate target search to drive promoter selectivity by a yeast transcription factor.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Endocrine Examples of Phase Separation in Biology.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- The multimerization pathway of the glucocorticoid receptor.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Article
- Timing is everything: transcription bursting in development.Genes & development · 2025Review
- Endogenous Real Time Imaging Reveals Dynamic Chromosomal Mobility During Ligand-Mediated Transcriptional Burst Events.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Intrinsically disordered regions as facilitators of the transcription factor target search.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to specific consensus motifs within the local chromatin context. The mechanisms by which TFs navigate the nuclear environment as they search for binding sites remain unclear. Here, we used single-molecule tracking and machine-learning-based classification to directly measure the nuclear mobility of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in live cells. We revealed two distinct and dynamic low-mobility populations. One accounts for specific binding to chromatin, while the other represents a confinement state that requires an intrinsically disordered region (IDR), implicated in liquid-liquid condensate subdomains. Further analysis showed that the dwell times of both subpopulations follow a power-law distribution, consistent with a broad distribution of affinities on the GR cistrome and interactome. Together, our data link IDRs with a confinement state that is functionally distinct from specific chromatin binding and modulates the transcriptional output by increasing the local concentration of TFs at specific sites.
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