Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33561364›Full record

ReviewAnnual review of clinical psychology2021

Ketamine and the Future of Rapid-Acting Antidepressants.

Lace M Riggs, Todd D Gould

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Annual review of clinical psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Trial
  5. Ketamine and Evolving Neuroplasticity.Clinical drug investigation · 2026
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Transcriptional profiles of antidepressant resistance across the corticolimbic pathway of chronically stressed mice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Prefrontal contribution to passive coping behaviour in chronic stress and treatment by fast-acting antidepressant.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
    Article
  12. Observational
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. New directions in neurosteroid therapeutics in neuropsychiatry.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lace M RiggsProgram in Neuroscience and Training Program in Integrative Membrane Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; email: lacemriggs@gmail.com.
Todd D GouldDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA; email: gouldlab@me.com.
University of Maryland, Baltimore · US

Funding

EXPAND PARTICIPATION BY MINORITIES IN BIOMEDICAL SCIENCER25GM055036 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE COUNTY · PI SUMMERS, MICHAEL FINLEY · 1996 to 2021
$16.9M
Therapeutic Efficacy of Ketamine Metabolites for Depression TreatmentR01MH107615 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI GOULD, TODD D · 2016 to 2025
$7.2M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN INTEGRATIVE MEMBRANE BIOLOGYT32GM008181 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI RIZZO, MEGAN A, TRUDEAU, MATTHEW C · 1987 to 2022
$4.9M
Training Program in NeuroscienceT32NS063391 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI Jessica Aurora Mong · 2008 to 2026
$4.0M
Mechanisms of sustained anti-neuroinflammatory actions of (2R, 6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK)R21AI145211 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI CLARK, SARAH MICHELLE, GOULD, TODD D · 2020 to 2021
$425k
Synaptic mechanisms underlying the rapid antidepressant properties of the (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine metaboliteF31MH123066 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI RIGGS, LACE MARIE · 2020 to 2021
$55k
Hydroxynorketamine for the Treatment of PTSD and AnhedoniaI01BX004062 · VA · BALTIMORE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOULD, TODD D · 2019 to 2023
–
Targeting the inflammatory response to treat post-traumatic anxiety and depression.I01BX003631 · VA · BALTIMORE VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOULD, TODD D · 2017 to 2021
–
BLRD VA I01 BX003631BLRD VA I01 BX004062NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI145211NIGMS NIH HHS R25 GM055036NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM008181NIMH NIH HHS F31 MH123066NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107615NINDS NIH HHS T32 NS063391
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The therapeutic onset of traditional antidepressants is delayed by several weeks and many depressed patients fail to respond to treatment altogether. In contrast, subanesthetic ketamine can rapidly alleviate symptoms of depression within hours of a single administration, even in patients who are considered treatment-resistant. Ketamine is thought to exert these effects by restoring the integrity of neural circuits that are compromised in depression. This hypothesis stems in part from preclinical observations that ketamine can strengthen synaptic connections by increasing glutamate-mediated neurotransmission and promoting rapid neurotrophic factor release. An improved understanding of how ketamine, and other novel rapid-acting antidepressants, give rise to these processes will help foster future therapeutic innovation. Here, we review the history of antidepressant treatment advances that preceded the ketamine discovery, critically examine mechanistic hypotheses for how ketamine may exert its antidepressant effects, and discuss the impact this knowledge has had on ongoing drug discovery efforts.

Indexed as

KetamineAntidepressive AgentsHumansAntidepressive AgentsKetamine(2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamineBDNFbrain-derived neurotrophic factorglutamateketaminerapid-acting antidepressanttreatment-refractory depression

Identifiers

PMID33561364
PMCPMC8170851
OpenAlexW3128979569

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.