Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33561278›Full record

ArticleThe Plant cell2021

Specific decorations of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides solve the autotoxicity problem of chemical defense in Nicotiana attenuata.

Sven Heiling, Lucas Cortes Llorca, Jiancai Li, Klaus Gase, Axel Schmidt, Martin Schäfer, Bernd Schneider, Rayko Halitschke, Emmanuel Gaquerel, Ian Thomas Baldwin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Plant cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Drought Stress Mediated Changes in Food Crops: Mechanisms and Remediation Strategies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  15. The downside of metabolic diversity: Postingestive rearrangements by specialized insects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  16. Identification and characterization of twoHorticulture research · 2022
    Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sven HeilingDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1668-1010
Lucas Cortes LlorcaDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Jiancai LiDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4417-7612
Klaus GaseDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8028-5645
Axel SchmidtDepartment of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4318-0799
Martin SchäferDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Bernd SchneiderResearch Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4788-1565
Rayko HalitschkeDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1109-8782
Emmanuel GaquerelCentre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0796-6417
Ian Thomas BaldwinDepartment of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745 Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5371-2974

Funding

European Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The native diploid tobacco Nicotiana attenuata produces abundant, potent anti-herbivore defense metabolites known as 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs) whose glycosylation and malonylation biosynthetic steps are regulated by jasmonate signaling. To characterize the biosynthetic pathway of HGL-DTGs, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs) and identified 107 family-1 UGT members. The transcript levels of three UGTs were highly correlated with the transcript levels two key HGL-DTG biosynthetic genes: geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (NaGGPPS) and geranyllinalool synthase (NaGLS). NaGLS's role in HGL-DTG biosynthesis was confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing the Uridine diphosphate (UDP)-rhamnosyltransferase gene UGT91T1 demonstrated its role in the rhamnosylation of HGL-DTGs. In vitro enzyme assays revealed that UGT74P3 and UGT74P4 use UDP-glucose for the glucosylation of 17-hydroxygeranyllinalool (17-HGL) to lyciumoside I. Plants with stable silencing of UGT74P3 and UGT74P5 were severely developmentally deformed, pointing to a phytotoxic effect of the aglycone. The application of synthetic 17-HGL and silencing of the UGTs in HGL-DTG-free plants confirmed this phytotoxic effect. Feeding assays with tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) larvae revealed the defensive functions of the glucosylation and rhamnosylation steps in HGL-DTG biosynthesis. Glucosylation of 17-HGL is therefore a critical step that contributes to the resulting metabolites' defensive function and solves the autotoxicity problem of this potent chemical defense.

Indexed as

Acyclic MonoterpenesAnimalsBiosynthetic PathwaysDiterpenesGene SilencingGlycosidesGlycosylationGlycosyltransferasesHerbivoryLarvaManducaMetabolomicsNecrosisNicotianaPlant LeavesPlants, Genetically Modified17-hydroxygeranyllinalool3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,6,10,14-hexadecatetraen-3-olAcyclic MonoterpenesDiterpenesGlycosidesGlycosyltransferasesRecombinant Proteins

Identifiers

PMID33561278
PMCPMC8254506

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.