ArticleSports health2021
Vertical and Horizontal Hop Performance: Contributions of the Hip, Knee, and Ankle.
Article in Sports health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Biomechanical Determinants of Change of Direction Performance: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Hop to It! A Systematic Review and Longitudinal Meta-analysis of Hop Performance After ACL Reconstruction.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Performance Implications of Force-Vector-Specific Resistance and Plyometric Training: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Reliability of Isokinetic Hip Flexor and Extensor Strength Measurements in Healthy Subjects and Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of 2 different rehabilitation programs on jumping performance after ACL reconstruction: A randomized controlled trial.Medicine · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of Patellar Taping and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training at Various Knee Angles on Quadriceps Strength and Functional Performance in Young Adult Male Athletes with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2022Trial
- Gastrocnemius medialis muscle architecture and its relationship with countermovement jump performance differ between male academy soccer players and control participants.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- A Return to Performance Continuum for Football (Soccer) Players After ACL Reconstruction: Bridging Rehabilitation, Return to Play and Sustained Performance.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Unilateral Numbers Need Context: Reference Values for Single-Leg CMJ Performance Relative to Bilateral CMJ Capacity.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Effect of Limited Ankle Dorsiflexion During Emergency Stop-Jump Movements on Lower Limb Biomechanics.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Article
- Effects of land-based and aquatic plyometric training on lower-limb power and flexibility in young male basketball players.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Classification of anterior cruciate ligament injury profiles through running analysis: a machine learning approach.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Measuring Plantar Flexor Voluntary Activation and Maximal Voluntary Contraction in a Portable, Seated Method: A Validity and Reliability Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Relationships between knee muscle strength and functional performance in professional soccer players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Triceps Surae Neuromuscular Activity During Single-leg Jumping Tasks in Individuals After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Intra-Session Reliability of Eccentric Countermovement Jump Kinetics in Individuals Six Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Better Dynamic Balance as a Predictor of Better Horizontal Hop Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Association between hip and trunk muscle strength and modified single-leg horizontal jump test performance in elite team handball players.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSingle-leg vertical and horizontal hop tests are commonly used to assess performance of healthy athletes and as a measure of progress during rehabilitation from knee injury. It is unclear if they measure similar aspects of leg function, as the relative joint contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during propulsion and landing are unknown. HYPOTHESIS: The proportion of work done by the hip, knee, and ankle will not be the same for these 2 jump types and will vary for propulsive and landing phases. STUDY
designCross-sectional cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.
methodsTwenty physically active participants completed instrumented single-leg hop analysis in both vertical and horizontal directions. Joint peak power, work generated or absorbed, and percentage contribution of each joint during propulsive and landing phases were compared between tasks using paired
resultsVertical hop was performed with roughly similar contributions of the hip, knee, and ankle for both propulsion (31%, 34%, 35%, respectively) and landing (29%, 34%, 37%, respectively). Horizontal hop distance was mostly (87%) determined by the hip and ankle (44% and 43%), but landing was mostly (65%) performed by the knee with lesser contribution from the hip and ankle (24% and 11%). Propulsive phase showed a proximal-to-distal temporal sequence for both hop types, but landing was more complex.
conclusionPerformance during vertical and horizontal hops (jump height and jump distance, respectively) measures different aspects of hip, knee, and ankle function during the propulsive and landing phases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Assessment of knee joint function during rehabilitation should not be done using a horizontal hop. The knee contributes about a third to vertical hop height, but only about an eighth to horizontal hop distance. Practitioners carrying out performance testing using either vertical or horizontal hops should be mindful of the relative contributions for meaningful training inferences to be derived.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.