ArticleCancer medicine2021
Differential immune signatures in the tumor microenvironment are associated with colon cancer racial disparities.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Racial disparities in colorectal cancer clinicopathological and molecular tumor characteristics: a systematic review.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2024Pooled it
- The density of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in oesophago-gastric cancer varies with disease stage, geographical region and treatment: a post hoc analysis of nine phase III clinical trials.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Article
- Integrated transcriptomic profiling reveals immune and molecular stage-specific signatures of colorectal cancer in hispanics living in Puerto Rico.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multi-Modal Biomarker Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment and Genomic Alterations to Enhance Immunotherapy Stratification in Melanoma.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity and efficacy of immunotherapy in multiple cancer: insights from a meta-analysis.Biological procedures online · 2025Article
- Inflammation in cancer: therapeutic opportunities from new insights.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Stage-Specific Tumoral Gene Expression Profiles of Black and White Patients with Colon Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- The effect of African ancestry and mismatch-repair enzyme deficiency/microsatellite instability-high on colorectal adenocarcinoma immune gene expression.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Racial Disparities in the Clinical Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients with COVID-19: a Retrospective Study in UC CORDS.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2024Article
- A Multi-Omics Overview of Colorectal Cancer to Address Mechanisms of Disease, Metastasis, Patient Disparities and Outcomes.Cancers · 2023Review
- Review
- Population-enriched innate immune variants may identify candidate gene targets at the intersection of cancer and cardio-metabolic disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- A guideline for the statistical analysis of compositional data in immunology.Communications for statistical applications and methods · 2022Article
- Levels of circulating mast cell progenitors and tumour‑infiltrating mast cells in patients with colorectal cancer.Oncology reports · 2022Article
- Immune response and inflammation in cancer health disparities.Trends in cancer · 2022Review
- Master Transcription Regulators and Transcription Factors Regulate Immune-Associated Differences Between Patients of African and European Ancestry With Colorectal Cancer.Gastro hep advances · 2022Article
- Quantitative assessment of the immune microenvironment in African American Triple Negative Breast Cancer: a case-control study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2021Article
- Disparities in Surgical Oncology: Management of Advanced Cancer.Annals of surgical oncology · 2021Review
- Review
- International Region of Birth and Long-Term Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Resection in an Australian Population.ANZ journal of surgeryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDisparities in colon cancer (CC) outcomes may be due to a more aggressive phenotype in African American patients in the setting of a decreased tumor immunity, though the precise mechanism for this result has not been well elucidated. To explore the molecular factors underlying CC disparities, we compared the immunogenomic signatures of CC from African American and European American patients.
methodsWe identified all CC patients from the publicly available Cancer Genome Atlas for whom race and survival data are available. Immunophenotype signatures were established for African American and European American patients. Comparisons were made regarding survival and a multivariable linear regression model was created to determine the association of immune cellular components with race. Differential gene expression was also assessed.
resultsOf the 254 patients identified, 58 (23%) were African American and 196 (77%) were European American. African American patients had a decreased progression free survival (p = 0.04). Tumors from African American patients displayed a reduced fraction of macrophages and CD8
conclusionsDifferences in the tumor immune microenvironment of African American as compared to European American CC specimens may play a role in the survival differences between the groups. These differences may provide targeted therapeutic opportunities.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.