ArticleAnnals of biomedical engineering2021
Effect of 3D Printing Temperature on Bioactivity of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Released from Polymeric Constructs.
Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovations in Implant Osseointegration: Biomaterials, Surface Engineering, and Translational Strategies.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A · 2026Review
- Insights into the bone morphogenetic protein signaling in musculoskeletal disorders: Mechanisms and crosstalk.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Advances in growth factor-containing 3D printed scaffolds in orthopedics.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- Biomimetic materials: a promising strategy for periodontal tissue engineering and regeneration.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Scaffold Enrichment on Bone Regeneration In Vivo-A Systematic Review.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Influence of Polymeric Microparticle Size and Loading Concentration on 3D Printing Accuracy and Degradation Behavior of Composite Scaffolds.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2024Article
- 3D printing of bone and cartilage with polymer materials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Application of BMP in Bone Tissue Engineering.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Advances in 3D Printing for Tissue Engineering.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Three-dimensionally printed mesoporous bioactive glass for craniomaxillofacial bone regeneration: Material evolution, functional mechanisms, and clinical translation.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Growth factors such as bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) are potent tools for tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a potential strategy for delivery of BMP-2 from polymeric constructs; however, these biomolecules are sensitive to inactivation by the elevated temperatures commonly employed during extrusion-based 3D printing. Therefore, we aimed to correlate printing temperature to the bioactivity of BMP-2 released from 3D printed constructs composed of a model polymer, poly(propylene fumarate). Following encapsulation of BMP-2 in poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) particles, growth factor-loaded fibers were fabricated at three different printing temperatures. Resulting constructs underwent 28 days of aqueous degradation for collection of released BMP-2. Supernatants were then assayed for the presence of bioactive BMP-2 using a cellular assay for alkaline phosphatase activity. Cumulative release profiles indicated that BMP-2 released from constructs that were 3D printed at physiologic and intermediate temperatures exhibited comparable total amounts of bioactive BMP-2 release as those encapsulated in non-printed particulate delivery vehicles. Meanwhile, the elevated printing temperature of 90 °C resulted in a decreased amount of total bioactive BMP-2 release from the fibers. These findings elucidate the effects of elevated printing temperatures on BMP-2 bioactivity during extrusion-based 3D printing, and enlighten polymeric material selection for 3D printing with growth factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.