ArticleExperimental brain research2021
Resting fMRI-guided TMS results in subcortical and brain network modulation indexed by interleaved TMS/fMRI.
Article in Experimental brain research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropsychological and Anatomical-Functional Effects of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-Stroke Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Aphasia: A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Causal connectivity maps derived from single-pulse interleaved TMS/fMRI.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- TMS-induced modulation of brain networks and its associations to rTMS treatment for depression: a concurrent fMRI-EEG-TMS study.Brain stimulationTrial
- An Epicenter-guided computational framework for personalized target of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Neuromodulation for Anxiety: Circuit-Based and Personalized Approaches.Current psychiatry reports · 2026Review
- Ventrolateral prefrontal-amygdala repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulation of impulsivity in borderline personality disorder: a proof-of-concept study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex modulates single-neuron activity in humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multimodal evidence for hippocampal engagement and modulation by functional connectivity-guided parietal TMS.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Test-retest reliability and symptom association of personalized depression TMS targets: A comparative study of refined seed-based (RSA) and hierarchical clustering (HCA) approaches.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Controlling the human connectome with spatially diffuse input signals.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Predictive value of subgenual cingulate normative connectivity to TMS treatment site for antidepressant response in routine clinical practice: a prospective, multisite cohort study.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Observational
- Target variability and stability of neuroimaging-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of the amygdala circuitry for posttraumatic stress disorder.Research square · 2026Article
- Consensus guidelines for the use of concurrent TMS-fMRI in cognitive and clinical neuroscience.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Altered resting-state network effects in patients after stroke following cortico-cortical target transcranial magnetic stimulation.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Circuit-Based Approaches to Understanding the Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC).The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Causal Connectivity Maps Derived from Single-Pulse Interleaved TMS/fMRI.Research square · 2025Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe the role of the supplementary motor area in tics.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Targeting VMPFC-amygdala circuit with TMS in substance use disorder: A mechanistic framework.Addiction biology · 2025Article
- Resting fMRI-guided TMS evokes subgenual anterior cingulate response in depression.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- Deep linear matrix approximate reconstruction with integrated BOLD signal denoising reveals reproducible hierarchical brain connectivity networks from multiband multi-echo fMRI.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Traditional non-invasive imaging methods describe statistical associations of functional co-activation over time. They cannot easily establish hierarchies in communication as done in non-human animals using invasive methods. Here, we interleaved functional MRI (fMRI) recordings with non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to map causal communication between the frontal cortex and subcortical target structures including the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the amygdala. Seed-based correlation maps from each participant's resting fMRI scan determined individual stimulation sites with high temporal correlation to targets for the subsequent TMS/fMRI session(s). The resulting TMS/fMRI images were transformed to quantile responses, so that regions of high-/low-quantile response corresponded to the areas of the brain with the most positive/negative evoked response relative to the global brain response. We then modeled the average quantile response for a given region (e.g., structure or network) to determine whether TMS was effective in the relative engagement of the downstream targets. Both the sgACC and amygdala were differentially influenced by TMS. Furthermore, we found that the sgACC distributed brain network was modulated in response to fMRI-guided TMS. The amygdala, but not its distributed network, also responded to TMS. Our findings suggest that individual targeting and brain response measurements reflect causal circuit mapping to the sgACC and amygdala in humans. These results set the stage to further map circuits in the brain and link circuit pathway integrity to clinical intervention outcomes, especially when the intervention targets specific pathways and networks as is possible with TMS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.