ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Understanding Drivers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Blacks.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 Vaccination Messengers, Communication Channels, and Messages Trusted Among Black Communities in the USA: a Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Pooled it
- Equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines in Botswana: a scoping review.Frontiers in health services · 2025Pooled it
- Vaccine hesitancy in context of COVID-19 in East Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of the Acceptance Rate of Covid-19 Vaccine and its Associated Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2022Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of COVID-19 vaccine attitudes and demographic characteristics in the United States.Public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Automated and Personalized Outreach Messages on Well-Child Visit Catch Up: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Academic pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Effect of Electronic Outreach Using Patient Portal Messages on Well Child Care Visit Completion: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Grocery store workers' knowledge, attitudes, and barriers influencing uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in the United States: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Vaccine uptake and hesitancy among Black people: A scoping review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
- Lingering Hesitancy: Persistent Uncertainty About the COVID-19 Vaccines Among Previously Vaccinated Individuals.AJPM focus · 2026Article
- Psychosocial Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccination Behavior Among Older Adults in China: A Large Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Vaccine Hesitancy at Nine Community Sites Across the United States, Early in COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Chinese residents: A national cross-sectional survey in the community setting.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Importance of Targeted Communication Strategies During COVID-19 Vaccination Campaigns in Mozambique: Results of a Mixed-Methods Acceptability Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Racial Disparities in Hesitancy and Utilization of Monoclonal Antibody Infusion Treatment of COVID-19: Lessons for Future Pandemics.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Increasing community members' engagement in cancer research: the making research CLEAR program.Research involvement and engagement · 2025Article
- Association Between Medical Debt and Vaccine Uptake in the USA, 2021-2022.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of a Vaccine Mandate in Nonessential Public Spaces in New Orleans, Louisiana, on COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake, 2021-2022.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2025Article
- Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Under-Vaccination among Marginalized Populations in the United States and Canada: A Scoping Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Black Women in the US.JAMA network open · 2025Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected communities of color, with black persons experiencing the highest rates of disease severity and mortality. A vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has the potential to reduce the race mortality gap from COVID-19; however, hesitancy toward the vaccine in the black community threatens vaccine uptake.
methodsWe conducted focus groups with black barbershop and salon owners living in zip codes of elevated COVID-19 prevalence to assess their attitudes, beliefs, and norms around a COVID-19 vaccine. We used a modified grounded theory approach to analyze the transcripts.
resultsWe completed 4 focus groups (N = 24 participants) in July and August 2020. Participants were an average age of 46 years, and 89% were black non-Hispanic. Hesitancy against the COVID-19 vaccine was high due to mistrust in the medical establishment, concerns with the accelerated timeline for vaccine development, limited data on short- and long-term side effects, and the political environment promoting racial injustice. Some participants were willing to consider the vaccine once the safety profile is robust and reassuring. Receiving a recommendation to take the vaccine from a trusted healthcare provider served as a facilitator. Health beliefs identified were similar to concerns around other vaccines and included the fear of getting the infection with vaccination and preferring to improve one's baseline physical health through alternative therapies.
conclusionsWe found that hesitancy of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine was high; however, provider recommendation and transparency around the safety profile might help reduce this hesitancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.