Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33560044›Full record

ArticleJournal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention2021

Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Inflammation, and the Incident Risk of Pneumonia.

Sae Young Jae, Kevin S Heffernan, Sudhir Kurl, Setor K Kunutsor, Chul-Ho Kim, Bruce D Johnson, Barry A Franklin, Jari A Laukkanen

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Sae Young JaeDepartment of Sport Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea (Dr Jae); Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York (Dr Heffernan); Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland (Drs Kurl and Laukkanen); National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, and Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, England (Dr Kunutsor); Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (Drs Kim and Johnson); Preventive Cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan (Dr Franklin); and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, and Central Finland Health Care District Hospital District, Department of Medicine, Jyväskylä, Finland District, Jyväskylä, Finland (Dr Laukkanen).
Kevin S Heffernan
Sudhir Kurl
Setor K Kunutsor
Chul-Ho Kim
Bruce D Johnson
Barry A Franklin
Jari A Laukkanen
Universitas Kuningan · IDUniversity Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionBoth inflammation and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with the risk of respiratory infections. To clarify the hypothesis that CRF attenuates the incident risk of pneumonia due to inflammation, we conducted a prospective study examining the independent and joint associations of inflammation and CRF on the risk of pneumonia in a population sample of 2041 middle-aged men.

methodsCardiorespiratory fitness was directly measured as peak oxygen uptake (V˙o2peak) during progressive exercise testing to volitional fatigue, and categorized into tertiles. Inflammation was defined by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Pneumonia cases were identified by internal medicine physicians using the International Classification of Diseases codes in clinical practice.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 27 yr, 432 pneumonia cases were recorded. High hsCRP and CRF were associated with a higher risk (HR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02-1.88) and a lower risk of pneumonia (HR = 0.55; CI, 0.39-0.76) after adjusting for potential confounders, respectively. Compared with normal hsCRP-Fit, moderate to high hsCRP-Unfit had an increased risk of pneumonia (HR = 1.63; CI, 1.21-2.20), but moderate to high hsCRP-Fit was not associated with an increased risk of pneumonia (HR = 1.25; CI, 0.93-1.68).

conclusionsHigh CRF attenuates the increased risk of pneumonia due to inflammation. These findings have potential implications for the prevention of respiratory infection characterized by systemic inflammation, such as coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Indexed as

AdultCardiorespiratory FitnessCausalityCohort StudiesComorbidityC-Reactive ProteinExercise TestFinlandFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceInflammationMaleMiddle AgedPneumoniaProspective StudiesC-Reactive Protein

Identifiers

PMID33560044
OpenAlexW3127554381

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.