ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2021
Population Viral Load, Viremia, and Recent HIV-1 Infections: Findings From Population-Based HIV Impact Assessments (PHIAs) in Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Zambia.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk scores for predicting HIV incidence among adult heterosexual populations in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Pooled it
- Identification of antibody targets associated with lower HIV viral load and viremic control.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Community- and individual-level correlates of HIV incidence in HPTN 071 (PopART).Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
- Validating HIV Viral Suppression Threshold Adjustments for Comparable Estimates Using Data From Nationally Representative Household Surveys in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- An HIV-1 Risk Assessment Tool for Men Aged 15-59 years in 13 African Countries: A Pooled Analysis of Nationally Representative Surveys.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Estimates and predictors of HIV viral non-suppression in South African adults on antiretroviral treatment.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Association between population viral load surrogate indicator and HIV transmission potential: a prospective cohort study in Xinjiang, China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Risk Assessment Tool for Women Aged 15-49 Years in African Countries: A Pooled Analysis Across 15 Nationally Representative Surveys.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal Variation and Predictors of Unsuppressed Viral Load among HIV-Positive Men and Women in Rural and Peri-Urban KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Article
- HIV Incidence by Male Circumcision Status From the Population-Based HIV Impact Assessment Surveys-Eight Sub-Saharan African Countries, 2015-2017.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV population viral load (PVL) can reflect antiretroviral therapy program effectiveness and transmission potential in a community. Using nationally representative data from household surveys conducted in Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Zambia in 2015-16, we examined the association between various VL measures and the probability of at least one recent HIV-1 infection in the community.
methodsWe used limiting-antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay, viral load suppression (VLS) (HIV RNA <1000 copies/mL), and antiretrovirals in the blood to identify recent HIV-1 cases.
resultsAmong 1510 enumeration areas (EAs) across the 3 surveys, 52,036 adults aged 15-59 years resided in 1363 (90.3%) EAs with at least one HIV-positive adult consenting to interview and blood draw and whose VL was tested. Mean HIV prevalence across these EAs was 13.1% [95% confidence intervals (CI) 12.7 to 13.5]. Mean VLS prevalence across these EAs was 58.7% (95% CI: 57.3 to 60.0). In multivariable analysis, PVL was associated with a recent HIV-1 case in that EA (adjusted odds ratio: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2 to 1.6, P = 0.001). VLS prevalence was inversely correlated with recent infections (adjusted odds ratio: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.6, P = 0.004). The 90-90-90 indicators, namely, the prevalence of HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy coverage, and VLS at the EA level, were inversely correlated with HIV recency at the EA level.
conclusionsWe found a strong association between PVL and VLS prevalence and recent HIV-1 infection at the EA level across 3 southern African countries with generalized HIV epidemics. These results suggest that population-based measures of VLS in communities may serve as a proxy for epidemic control.
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