ReviewCurrent opinion in psychiatry2021
Estrogens in schizophrenia: progress, current challenges and opportunities.
Review in Current opinion in psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research progress in estrogen as an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Evidence-Based Recommendations for the Pharmacological Treatment of Women with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Pooled it
- Review
- Olanzapine Dosing in Women with First-Episode Psychosis: An Age-Based Proxy for Menopausal Status.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Delayed Pathogenicity inMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Sex-specific drivers of non-affective psychotic disorders within migrant groups: A 25-year retrospective cohort study of 2 million migrants.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Examining sex as a potential moderator of metacognitive training for psychosis efficacy on cognitive insight and jumping to conclusions bias: Evidence from a large-scale harmonized database.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- How Soon Is Now?Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic Discontinuation and Re-initiation in Pregnant Women With Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Cohort Study From South Korea.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Relationship between N100 amplitude and T1w/T2w-ratio in the auditory cortex in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Risk of hyperprolactinemia and extrapyramidal symptoms in antipsychotic-treated schizophrenia: a retrospective single-center real-world study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The indirect pathway hypothesis of schizophrenia: insights from perinatal asphyxia.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Oestrogen modulators as augmentation to antipsychotics for the treatment of post- and perimenopausal psychosis: a systematic review.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Impaired Glucose Metabolism in Young Patients with First-episode Schizophrenia Aged from 16 to 35 Years.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Hyperprolactinemia and Brain Health: Exploring the Gut-Brain Axis and Therapeutic Strategies.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The Etiological Role of Impaired Neurogenesis in Schizophrenia: Interactions with Inflammatory, Microbiome and Hormonal Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Sex-specific prolactin disturbance and divergent gonadal hormone correlates in first-episode schizophrenia.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Reproductive and Fertility Care of Women with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- 17β-estradiol status alters NMDAR function and antipsychotic-like activity in female rats.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewSchizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder with a different, but not necessarily milder clinical presentation in women as compared to men. These sex differences have largely been attributed to the protective role of estrogens. This article reviews the current state of estrogen research in schizophrenia. RECENT
findingsEstrogens regulate important pathophysiological pathways in schizophrenia, including dopamine activity, mitochondrial function, and the stress system. Estrogen deficiency is common in both sexes and is associated with increases in psychotic symptoms. Hyperprolactinemia causes secondary estrogen deficiency and can be a reaction to stress, or secondary to prolactin-raising antipsychotics. Therefore, prolactin-sparing antipsychotics should be preferred especially in premenopausal women, who are more prone to hyperprolactinemia. Premenopausal women furthermore require lower doses of antipsychotics than men, since estrogens raise the availability and efficacy of antipsychotics. SUMMARY: The past years have established the importance of estrogens in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and have shown its relevance to clinical practice through its influence on antipsychotic drug efficacy. Future research should focus on the neurobiological and clinical effect of contraceptives in premenopausal women with schizophrenia. Furthermore, the potential of estrogen-like augmentation with raloxifene and phytoestrogens in schizophrenia should be established in the coming years.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.