ArticleAnnals of plastic surgery2021
Gender-Affirming Mastectomy in Transmasculine Patients: Does Obesity Increase Complications or Revisions?
Article in Annals of plastic surgery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Impact of Testosterone Supplementation on Surgical Complications in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy: A Meta-Analysis.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Correlates of Tobacco and Nicotine Use Among Transgender and Gender Diverse People: A Systematic Review Guided by the Minority Stress Model.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Early and Late Surgical Complications After Gender-affirming Mastectomy in Predominantly Young Adults: A Single-center Cohort Study.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Impact of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Postoperative Complications in Gender-Affirming Mastectomy: A Focus on Drain Output and Duration.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Patient-Reported Outcomes and Body Mass Index in Adolescents and Young Adults After Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.Annals of surgery open : perspectives of surgical history, education, and clinical approaches · 2026Article
- Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Gender-Affirming Mastectomies: A Single-Surgeon Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery in Adults with Extreme BMI: A Multi-Center Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Outcomes.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Outcomes of Combining Mastectomy and Hysterectomy for Transmasculine Patients.Transgender health · 2025Article
- The Association of Body Mass Index Category and Postoperative Complications in Gender Affirming Mastectomy for Chest Reconstruction.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Mental Health Impacts of Weight-Based Denial from Gender-Affirming Surgery: A Case Report.Journal of gay & lesbian mental health · 2025Article
- High BMI as risk factor in mastectomy in transmasculine individuals: a retrospective matched case-control study.International journal of transgender health · 2025Article
- Understanding Public Perceptions of Nipple and Scar Characteristics After Chest Wall Masculinization Surgery.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Article
- Body mass index and benign breast surgeries: A survey of plastic surgeons' knowledge and attitudes.JPRAS open · 2023Article
- "How Do I Exist in This Body…That's Outside of the Norm?" Trans and Nonbinary Experiences of Conformity, Coping, and Connection in Atypical Anorexia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Gender-Affirming Mastectomy Trends and Surgical Outcomes in Adolescents.Annals of plastic surgery · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObesity can often be a barrier to gender-affirming top surgery in transmasculine patients because of concern for increased surgical site complications. STUDY
designAll adult patients (N = 948) within an integrated health care system who underwent gender-affirming mastectomy from 2013 to 2018 were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and surgical site complications or revisions.
resultsOne third of patients (n = 295) had obese body mass index (BMI), and those patients were further stratified into obesity class I (BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2, 9.4%), class II (BMI of 35-39.9 kg/m2, 8.9%), and class III (BMI of ≥40 kg/m2, 2.9%). A majority of patients across BMI categories underwent double incision surgery. There were no significant differences in complications or revisions between patients with obesity versus those with normal BMI, when BMI was treated as a categorical or continuous variable and when evaluating only patients who underwent double incision surgery.
conclusionsObesity alone should not be considered a contraindication for gender-affirming mastectomy. Attention should be given to several modifiable risk factors identified in this study, including lesser incision surgical techniques, tobacco use, and testosterone use. Further research is needed to understand risks associated with the highest BMI (≥40 kg/m2) patients and to assess patient satisfaction with surgical outcome.
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Registered trials
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